Malachi 1:4 · JPS 1917

Whereas Edom saith: 'We are beaten down, but we will return and build the waste places'; thus saith the LORD of hosts: They shall build, but I will throw down; and they shall be called The border of wickedness, and The people whom the LORD execrateth for ever.

Who acts: Edom, we, LORD, places, I · What happens: say, beat down, return, build, throw down, call · To what, where: We, waste places, places, people · Speech: someone speaks here

This is Malachi 1:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Edom, we, LORD, places), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	3 saith	mark
2	Edom	Edom	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 saith	nsubj
3	saith	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 saith	advcl
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 beaten	punct
5	'	'	PUNCT	_	8 beaten	punct
6	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 beaten	nsubj:pass
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 beaten	aux:pass
8	beaten	beat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 saith	ccomp
9	down	down	ADP	_	8 beaten	compound:prt
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 return	punct
11	but	but	CCONJ	_	14 return	cc
12	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	14 return	nsubj
13	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 return	aux
14	return	return	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 beaten	conj
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 build	cc
16	build	build	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 return	conj
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 places	det
18	waste	waste	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 places	compound
19	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 build	obj
20	'	'	PUNCT	_	8 beaten	punct
21	;	;	PUNCT	_	23 saith	punct
22	thus	thus	ADV	_	23 saith	advmod
23	saith	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 LORD	det
25	LORD	LORD	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 saith	nsubj
26	of	of	ADP	_	27 hosts	case
27	hosts	host	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 LORD	nmod
28	:	:	PUNCT	_	31 build	punct
29	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 build	nsubj
30	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	31 build	aux
31	build	build	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	23 saith	ccomp
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 throw	punct
33	but	but	CCONJ	_	36 throw	cc
34	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	36 throw	nsubj
35	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	36 throw	aux
36	throw	throw	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	31 build	conj
37	down	down	ADP	_	36 throw	compound:prt
38	;	;	PUNCT	_	43 called	punct
39	and	and	CCONJ	_	43 called	cc
40	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	43 called	nsubj:pass
41	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	43 called	aux
42	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	43 called	aux:pass
43	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	36 throw	conj
44	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	45 border	det
45	border	border	NOUN	Number=Sing	43 called	xcomp
46	of	of	ADP	_	47 wickedness	case
47	wickedness	wickedness	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 border	nmod
48	,	,	PUNCT	_	51 people	punct
49	and	and	CCONJ	_	51 people	cc
50	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	51 people	det
51	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	45 border	conj
52	whom	whom	PRON	PronType=Rel	55 execrateth	obj
53	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	54 LORD	det
54	LORD	LORD	PROPN	Number=Sing	55 execrateth	nsubj
55	execrateth	execrate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	51 people	acl:relcl
56	for	for	ADP	_	57 ever	case
57	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	55 execrateth	obl
58	.	.	PUNCT	_	23 saith	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
polarity: neg
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Edom			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	beat down	present · passive		We		vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
3	return	future	we			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	build	infinitive	we not said here	the waste places		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset place=Product
5	say speech: assert	present	the LORD of hosts		thus property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
6	build	shall	places = place			vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
7	throw down	future	I			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
8	call	shall · passive		places = place		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
9	execrate	present	the LORD	the people		vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer whom=Stimulus for ever=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

כִּֽי־תֹאמַ֨ר אֱד֜וֹם רֻשַּׁ֗שְׁנוּ וְנָשׁוּב֙ וְנִבְנֶ֣ה חֳרָב֔וֹת כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת הֵ֥מָּה יִבְנ֖וּ וַאֲנִ֣י אֶהֱר֑וֹס וְקָרְא֤וּ לָהֶם֙ גְּב֣וּל רִשְׁעָ֔ה וְהָעָ֛ם אֲשֶׁר־זָעַ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃

Malachi 1:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:MAL:4 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.4/