Malachi 3:5 · JPS 1917
And I will come near to you to judgment; and I will be a swift witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against false swearers; and against those that oppress the hireling in his wages, the widow, and the fatherless, and that turn aside the stranger from his right, and fear not Me, saith the LORD of hosts.
Who acts: I, that, LORD · What happens: come, be, oppress, turn, not fear, say · To what, where: you, judgment, swift witness, hireling, wages, stranger · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Malachi 3:5 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, that, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 come | cc |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 come | nsubj |
| 3 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 come | aux |
| 4 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | near | near | ADV | _ | 4 come | advmod |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 you | case |
| 7 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 4 come | obl |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 judgment | case |
| 9 | judgment | judgment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 come | obl |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 witness | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 witness | cc |
| 12 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 witness | nsubj |
| 13 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 witness | aux |
| 14 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 17 witness | cop |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 witness | det |
| 16 | swift | swift | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 witness | amod |
| 17 | witness | witness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 come | conj |
| 18 | against | against | ADP | _ | 20 sorcerers | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 sorcerers | det |
| 20 | sorcerers | sorcerer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 witness | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 adulterers | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 adulterers | cc |
| 23 | against | against | ADP | _ | 25 adulterers | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 adulterers | det |
| 25 | adulterers | adulterer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 sorcerers | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 swearers | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 swearers | cc |
| 28 | against | against | ADP | _ | 30 swearers | case |
| 29 | false | false | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 swearers | amod |
| 30 | swearers | swearer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 sorcerers | conj |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 those | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 those | cc |
| 33 | against | against | ADP | _ | 34 those | case |
| 34 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 17 witness | nmod |
| 35 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 oppress | nsubj |
| 36 | oppress | oppress | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 those | acl:relcl |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 hireling | det |
| 38 | hireling | hireling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 oppress | obj |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 wages | case |
| 40 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 wages | nmod:poss |
| 41 | wages | wage | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 hireling | nmod |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 widow | punct |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 widow | det |
| 44 | widow | widow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 hireling | conj |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 fatherless | punct |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 fatherless | cc |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 fatherless | det |
| 48 | fatherless | fatherless | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 hireling | conj |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 turn | punct |
| 50 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 52 turn | cc |
| 51 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 52 turn | nsubj |
| 52 | turn | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 oppress | conj |
| 53 | aside | aside | ADV | _ | 52 turn | advmod |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 stranger | det |
| 55 | stranger | stranger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 turn | obj |
| 56 | from | from | ADP | _ | 58 right | case |
| 57 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 58 right | nmod:poss |
| 58 | right | right | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 turn | obl |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 61 fear | punct |
| 60 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 61 fear | cc |
| 61 | fear | fear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 oppress | conj |
| 62 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 61 fear | advmod |
| 63 | Me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 61 fear | obj |
| 64 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 65 saith | punct |
| 65 | saith | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 come | conj |
| 66 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 67 LORD | det |
| 67 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 65 saith | nsubj |
| 68 | of | of | ADP | _ | 69 hosts | case |
| 69 | hosts | host | NOUN | Number=Plur | 67 LORD | nmod |
| 70 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 come | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- warn
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=warn
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | future | I | you | judgment | near property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme to you=Initial_Location to judgment=Destination | ||
| 2 | is a | future | I | a swift witness | against the sorcerers and the adulterers and false swearers; against those | tree rules | |||
| 3 | oppress | present | the hireling and the widow and the fatherless | messenger's wages | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | turn | present | that | the stranger | messenger's right | aside property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent stranger=Theme from right=Trajectory | ||
| 5 | not fear | present | Me | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus | |||||
| 6 | say speech: assert | present | the LORD of hosts | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְקָרַבְתִּ֣י אֲלֵיכֶם֮ לַמִּשְׁפָּט֒ וְהָיִ֣יתִי ׀ עֵ֣ד מְמַהֵ֗ר בַּֽמְכַשְּׁפִים֙ וּבַמְנָ֣אֲפִ֔ים וּבַנִּשְׁבָּעִ֖ים לַשָּׁ֑קֶר וּבְעֹשְׁקֵ֣י שְׂכַר־שָׂ֠כִיר אַלְמָנָ֨ה וְיָת֤וֹם וּמַטֵּי־גֵר֙ וְלֹ֣א יְרֵא֔וּנִי אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃
Malachi 3:5: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:MAL:48 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.48/