Nahum 2:5 · JPS 1917
The chariots rush madly in the streets, they jostle one against another in the broad places; the appearance of them is like torches, they run to and fro like the lightnings.
Who acts: chariots, appearance · What happens: rush, jostle, be, run · To what, where: streets, one, broad places
This is Nahum 2:5 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chariots, appearance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 chariots | det |
| 2 | chariots | chariot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 rush | nsubj |
| 3 | rush | rush | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | madly | madly | ADV | _ | 3 rush | advmod |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 streets | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 streets | det |
| 7 | streets | street | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 rush | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 jostle | punct |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 jostle | nsubj |
| 10 | jostle | jostle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 rush | conj |
| 11 | one | one | PRON | PronType=Ind | 10 jostle | obj |
| 12 | against | against | ADP | _ | 13 another | case |
| 13 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 10 jostle | obl |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 places | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 places | det |
| 16 | broad | broad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 places | amod |
| 17 | places | place | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 jostle | obl |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 torches | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 appearance | det |
| 20 | appearance | appearance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 torches | nsubj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 them | case |
| 22 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 appearance | nmod |
| 23 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 torches | cop |
| 24 | like | like | ADP | _ | 25 torches | case |
| 25 | torches | torch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 rush | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 run | punct |
| 27 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 run | nsubj |
| 28 | run | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 torches | parataxis |
| 29 | to | to | ADV | _ | 28 run | advmod |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 fro | cc |
| 31 | fro | fro | ADV | _ | 29 to | conj |
| 32 | like | like | ADP | _ | 34 lightnings | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 lightnings | det |
| 34 | lightnings | lightning | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 run | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 rush | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rush | present | the chariots | the streets | madly property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in street=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | jostle | present | chariots = chariot | one | the broad places | against another | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme | ||
| 3 | is | present | the appearance of chariots | like torches | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | run | present | chariots = chariot | like the lightnings | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
בַּֽחוּצוֹת֙ יִתְהוֹלְל֣וּ הָרֶ֔כֶב יִֽשְׁתַּקְשְׁק֖וּן בָּרְחֹב֑וֹת מַרְאֵיהֶן֙ כַּלַּפִּידִ֔ם כַּבְּרָקִ֖ים יְרוֹצֵֽצוּ׃
Nahum 2:5: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:NAM:23 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.23/