Nahum 2:4 · JPS 1917
The shield of his mighty men is made red, the valiant men are in scarlet; the chariots are fire of steel in the day of his preparation, and the cypress spears are made to quiver.
Who acts: valiant men, chariots, cypress spears, LORD · What happens: make, be, quiver, prepare · To what, where: shield, scarlet, fire, cypress spears
This is Nahum 2:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (valiant men, chariots, cypress spears, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 shield | det |
| 2 | shield | shield | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 made | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 men | case |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 men | nmod:poss |
| 5 | mighty | mighty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 men | amod |
| 6 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 shield | nmod |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 made | aux:pass |
| 8 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 made | xcomp |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 scarlet | punct |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 men | det |
| 12 | valiant | valiant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 men | amod |
| 13 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 scarlet | nsubj |
| 14 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 scarlet | cop |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 scarlet | case |
| 16 | scarlet | scarlet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 made | parataxis |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 fire | punct |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 chariots | det |
| 19 | chariots | chariot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 fire | nsubj |
| 20 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 fire | cop |
| 21 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 made | parataxis |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 steel | case |
| 23 | steel | steel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 fire | nmod |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 day | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 day | det |
| 26 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 fire | nmod |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 preparation | case |
| 28 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 preparation | nmod:poss |
| 29 | preparation | preparation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 day | nmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 made | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 made | cc |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 spears | det |
| 33 | cypress | cypress | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 spears | compound |
| 34 | spears | spear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 made | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 made | aux:pass |
| 36 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 made | conj |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 quiver | mark |
| 38 | quiver | quiver | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 made | xcomp |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 made | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present · passive | the shield of LORD's mighty men | red property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | ||||
| 2 | is | present | the valiant men | scarlet | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | the chariots | fire | day | of steel | tree rules | ||
| 4 | make | present · passive | the cypress spears | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | quiver | to-infinitive | the cypress spears not said here | vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | prepare | LORD | nom preparation «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
מָגֵ֨ן גִּבֹּרֵ֜יהוּ מְאָדָּ֗ם אַנְשֵׁי־חַ֙יִל֙ מְתֻלָּעִ֔ים בְּאֵשׁ־פְּלָד֥וֹת הָרֶ֖כֶב בְּי֣וֹם הֲכִינ֑וֹ וְהַבְּרֹשִׁ֖ים הָרְעָֽלוּ׃
Nahum 2:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:NAM:22 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.22/