Nahum 2:4 נַחוּם

Who acts: valiant men, chariots, cypress spears, LORD · What happens: make, be, quiver, prepare · To what, where: shield, scarlet, fire, cypress spears

This is Nahum 2:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — valiant men, chariots, cypress spears, LORD — and what happens in the verse to shield, scarlet, fire, cypress spears, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Nahum on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

מָגֵ֨ן גִּבֹּרֵ֜יהוּ מְאָדָּ֗ם אַנְשֵׁי־חַ֙יִל֙ מְתֻלָּעִ֔ים בְּאֵשׁ־פְּלָד֥וֹת הָרֶ֖כֶב בְּי֣וֹם הֲכִינ֑וֹ וְהַבְּרֹשִׁ֖ים הָרְעָֽלוּ׃

The shield of his mighty men is made red, the valiant men are in scarlet; the chariots are fire of steel in the day of his preparation, and the cypress spears are made to quiver.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	מָגֵ֨ן	מָגֵן	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 מְאָדָּ֗ם	nsubj	the shield
2	גִּבֹּרֵ֜י	גִּבּוֹר	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	1 מָגֵ֨ן	compound:smixut	of
3	הוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 גִּבֹּרֵ֜י	nmod:poss	his warriors
4	מְאָדָּ֗ם	אָדֹם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PUAL Number=Sing	root	root	[is] dyed red
5	אַנְשֵׁי־	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	7 מְתֻלָּעִ֔ים	nsubj	men
6	חַ֙יִל֙	חַיִל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 אַנְשֵׁי־	compound:smixut	of strength
7	מְתֻלָּעִ֔ים	תָּלַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PUAL Number=Plur	4 מְאָדָּ֗ם	parataxis	[are] clothed in scarlet
8	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	9 אֵשׁ־	case	[are] in
9	אֵשׁ־	אֵשׁ	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 מְאָדָּ֗ם	parataxis	fire
10	פְּלָד֥וֹת	פְּלָדֹת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	9 אֵשׁ־	compound:smixut	of iron(s)
11	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	12 רֶ֖כֶב	det	the
12	רֶ֖כֶב	רֶכֶב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 אֵשׁ־	nsubj	chariotry
13	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	14 י֣וֹם	case	on
14	י֣וֹם	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 אֵשׁ־	obl	the day
15	הֲכִינ	כּוּן	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	14 י֣וֹם	acl	prepares
16	֑וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 הֲכִינ	nsubj	he
17	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 הָרְעָֽלוּ	cc	and
18	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	19 בְּרֹשִׁ֖ים	det	the
19	בְּרֹשִׁ֖ים	בְּרוֹשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	20 הָרְעָֽלוּ	nsubj	cypresses
20	הָרְעָֽלוּ	רָעַל	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HOPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	4 מְאָדָּ֗ם	conj	they have been made to quiver
21	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	20 הָרְעָֽלוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
מְאָדָּם [is] dyed red	participle passive · pual		מָגֵן the shield
מְתֻלָּעִים [are] clothed in scarlet	participle passive · pual		אַנְשֵׁי־ men
הֲכִינ prepares	infinitive construct · hiphil	וֹ he
הָרְעָֽלוּ they have been made to quiver	qatal · hophal		בְּרֹשִׁים cypresses

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

תְּרִיסֵי גִבָּרֵיהוֹן מְסַמְקִין גַבְרֵי עָבְדֵי קְרָבָא לְבִישִׁין דְזָהֲרִיתָא בְּאֶשְׁתָּא פִּילֵי רְתִיכֵיהוֹן זַמִינִין לְיוֹם קִשׁוּטֵיהוֹן וְרַבָּנֵי מַשִׁרְיָתְהוֹן מְסַרְבְּלִין בְּצִבְעוֹנִין:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

The shield of his mighty men is made red, the valiant men are in scarlet; the chariots are fire of steel in the day of his preparation, and the cypress spears are made to quiver.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:NAM:17.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.4/