Nahum 2:12 · JPS 1917
Where is the den of the lions, which was the feeding-place of the young lions, where the lion and the lioness walked, and the lion's whelp, and none made them afraid?
Who acts: den, lion, none · What happens: be, walk, make · To what, where: feeding place, lions
This is Nahum 2:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (den, lion, none), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Where | where | ADV | PronType=Int | root | root |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Where | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 den | det |
| 4 | den | den | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Where | nsubj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 lions | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 lions | det |
| 7 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 den | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 place | punct |
| 9 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 place | nsubj |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 place | cop |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 place | det |
| 12 | feeding | feeding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 place | compound |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 feeding | punct |
| 14 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 den | acl:relcl |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 lions | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 lions | det |
| 17 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 lions | amod |
| 18 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 place | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 walked | punct |
| 20 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 26 walked | advmod |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 lion | det |
| 22 | lion | lion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 walked | nsubj |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 lioness | cc |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 lioness | det |
| 25 | lioness | lioness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 lion | conj |
| 26 | walked | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 place | acl:relcl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 whelp | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 whelp | cc |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 lion | det |
| 30 | lion | lion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 whelp | nmod:poss |
| 31 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 30 lion | case |
| 32 | whelp | whelp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 den | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 made | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 made | cc |
| 35 | none | none | PRON | PronType=Neg | 36 made | nsubj |
| 36 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 walked | conj |
| 37 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 made | obj |
| 38 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 made | xcomp |
| 39 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 Where | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- wh-question
- act
- ask
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=ask
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the den of the lions and the lion's whelp | where property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is a | past | the den of the lions and the lion's whelp | the feeding place | of the young lions | tree rules | |||
| 3 | walk | past | the lion and the lioness | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | make | past | none | lions = lion | afraid property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
אַיֵּה֙ מְע֣וֹן אֲרָי֔וֹת וּמִרְעֶ֥ה ה֖וּא לַכְּפִרִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָלַךְ֩ אַרְיֵ֨ה לָבִ֥יא שָׁ֛ם גּ֥וּר אַרְיֵ֖ה וְאֵ֥ין מַחֲרִֽיד׃
Nahum 2:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:NAM:30 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.30/