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Test 9 · A day at a grown-up's job

Mum on the phone: "Sarah's off, Jim's left, and they still won't hire anyone. I'm knackered." Why won't they hire?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: they, I · What happens: leave, not hire, be · To what, where: off, anyone

This is test 9 of lesson 1 «A day at a grown-up's job» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Mum on the phone: "Sarah's off, Jim's left, and they still won't hire anyone.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 off	nsubj
2	on	on	ADP	_	4 phone	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 phone	det
4	phone	phone	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Mum	nmod
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 off	punct
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 off	punct
7	Sarah	Sarah	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 off	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 Sarah	case
9	off	off	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 Jim	punct
11	Jim	Jim	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 off	appos
12	's	's	PART	_	11 Jim	case
13	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 off	acl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 hire	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 hire	cc
16	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 hire	nsubj
17	still	still	ADV	_	20 hire	advmod
18	wo	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	20 hire	aux
19	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	20 hire	advmod
20	hire	hire	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 off	conj
21	anyone	anyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	20 hire	obj
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 off	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leave in a quote	participle		Sarah's off not said here					vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	not hire in a quote	future	they	anyone			still		vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anyone=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: I'm knackered."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 knackered	nsubj
2	'm	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 knackered	cop
3	knackered	knackered	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 knackered	punct
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 knackered	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	I					knackered property	tree rules

Sentence 3: Why won't they hire?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 hire	advmod
2	wo	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 hire	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 hire	advmod
4	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 hire	nsubj
5	hire	hire	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 hire	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not hire	future	they						vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is against the law to hire anyone in winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 law	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 law	cop
3	against	against	ADP	_	5 law	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 law	det
5	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 hire	mark
7	hire	hire	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 law	acl
8	anyone	anyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	7 hire	obj
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 winter	case
10	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hire	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					against the law	tree rules
2	hire	to-infinitive		anyone			winter		vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anyone=Theme

Option 2

Mum said she wanted to do all the work alone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 said	nsubj
2	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 wanted	nsubj
4	wanted	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 said	ccomp
5	to	to	PART	_	6 do	mark
6	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 wanted	xcomp
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 work	det:predet
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 work	det
9	work	work	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 do	obj
10	alone	alone	ADV	_	6 do	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	Mum						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	want	past	Mum						vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
3	do not said to happen	to-infinitive	Mum not said here	all work				alone property	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Eventuality

Option 3

There is nobody in the country who needs a job

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 is	expl
2	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	2 is	nsubj
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 country	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 country	det
6	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 is	obl
7	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 needs	nsubj
8	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 country	acl:relcl
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 job	det
10	job	job	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 needs	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be	present	nobody			the country; there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in country=Location
2	need	present	the country	a job					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot job=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Firms sometimes delay hiring to save money

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Firms	firm	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 delay	nsubj
2	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	3 delay	advmod
3	delay	delay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	hiring	hire	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 delay	xcomp
5	to	to	PART	_	6 save	mark
6	save	save	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 hiring	xcomp
7	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 save	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	delay	present	Firms					sometimes property	vn delay-53.3-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	hire	gerund	Firms not said here						vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent clause=Attribute
3	save	to-infinitive	Firms not said here	money					vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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