Exam question 1 · A new baby in the house

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the frequent nocturnal waking of a newborn infant?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: newborn infant · What happens: follow, characteris, wake · To what, where: frequent nocturnal waking

This is exam question 1 of lesson 19 «A new baby in the house» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 waking	det
10	frequent	frequent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 waking	amod
11	nocturnal	nocturnal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 waking	amod
12	waking	waking	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	16 infant	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 infant	det
15	newborn	newborn	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 infant	amod
16	infant	infant	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 waking	nmod
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the frequent nocturnal waking of a newborn infant	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	wake		a newborn infant			nom waking «cognition intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is invariably a sign of serious illness requiring immediate admission to hospital

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 sign	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 sign	cop
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	5 sign	advmod
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 sign	det
5	sign	sign	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 illness	case
7	serious	serious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 illness	amod
8	illness	illness	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sign	nmod
9	requiring	require	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 illness	acl
10	immediate	immediate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 admission	amod
11	admission	admission	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 requiring	obj
12	to	to	ADP	_	13 hospital	case
13	hospital	hospital	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 requiring	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a sign				of serious illness; invariably property	tree rules
2	require	gerund	serious illness not said here	immediate admission				to hospital	vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme admission=Precondition

Option 2

It arises from a deliberately acquired bad habit

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 arises	nsubj
2	arises	arise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	8 habit	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 habit	det
5	deliberately	deliberately	ADV	_	6 acquired	advmod
6	acquired	acquire	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 habit	amod
7	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 habit	amod
8	habit	habit	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 arises	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	arise	present	It			a acquired bad habit			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	acquire	participle						deliberately property	vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It arises from the infant's need for frequent feeding, its stomach being small

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 arises	nsubj
2	arises	arise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	7 need	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 infant	det
5	infant	infant	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 need	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 infant	case
7	need	need	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 arises	obl
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 feeding	case
9	frequent	frequent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 feeding	amod
10	feeding	feeding	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 need	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 small	punct
12	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 stomach	nmod:poss
13	stomach	stomach	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 small	nsubj
14	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	15 small	cop
15	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 arises	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	arise	present	It	the infant's need for frequent feeding		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	gerund	feeding's stomach		small property	tree rules
3	need		the infant		for frequent feeding	nom need «state transitive»: poss=agent for=obl

Option 4

It arises from the infant's dislike of its family

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 arises	nsubj
2	arises	arise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	7 dislike	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 infant	det
5	infant	infant	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 dislike	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 infant	case
7	dislike	dislike	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 arises	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 family	case
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 family	nmod:poss
10	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 dislike	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	arise	present	It			the infant's dislike of dislike's family			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	dislike		the infant	dislike's family					nom dislike «cognition transitive»: poss=agent of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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