Exam question 2 · A new baby in the house

Identify the principal distinction between adoption and fostering.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify · To what, where: principal distinction

This is exam question 2 of lesson 19 «A new baby in the house» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 distinction	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 distinction	amod
4	distinction	distinction	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	between	between	ADP	_	6 adoption	case
6	adoption	adoption	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 distinction	nmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 fostering	cc
8	fostering	fostering	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 adoption	conj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal distinction				between adoption and fostering	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent distinction=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Adoption is permanent by law, whereas fostering is ordinarily temporary

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Adoption	adoption	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 permanent	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 permanent	cop
3	permanent	permanent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 law	case
5	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 permanent	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 temporary	punct
7	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	11 temporary	mark
8	fostering	fostering	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 temporary	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 temporary	cop
10	ordinarily	ordinarily	ADV	_	11 temporary	advmod
11	temporary	temporary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 permanent	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Adoption					by law; permanent property	tree rules
2	is	present	fostering					ordinarily, temporary property	tree rules

Option 2

Adoption applies only to newborn infants

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Adoption	adoption	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 applies	nsubj
2	applies	apply	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	6 infants	advmod
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 infants	case
5	newborn	newborn	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 infants	amod
6	infants	infant	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 applies	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	apply	present	Adoption	newborn infants					vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent infant=Theme

Option 3

Fostering confers the status of birth parent

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fostering	fostering	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 confers	nsubj
2	confers	confer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 status	det
4	status	status	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 confers	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 parent	case
6	birth	birth	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 parent	compound
7	parent	parent	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 status	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confer	present	Fostering	the status of birth parent					tree rules

Option 4

Fostering is permanent by law, whereas adoption is temporary

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fostering	fostering	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 permanent	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 permanent	cop
3	permanent	permanent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 law	case
5	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 permanent	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 temporary	punct
7	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	10 temporary	mark
8	adoption	adoption	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 temporary	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 temporary	cop
10	temporary	temporary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 permanent	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Fostering					by law; permanent property	tree rules
2	is	present	adoption					temporary property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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