Exam question 2 · Smoking, vaping and betting: habits that are hard to stop
It is given that betting undertakings determine the odds offered to their customers. Ascertain who, in aggregate, derives financial benefit therefrom.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: that, odds, you · What happens: give, determine, offer, ascertain, derive · To what, where: It, customers, aggregate, financial benefit
This is exam question 2 of lesson 28 «Smoking, vaping and betting: habits that are hard to stop» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: It is given that betting undertakings determine the odds offered to their customers.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 given | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | aux:pass |
| 3 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 7 determine | nsubj |
| 5 | betting | betting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 undertakings | compound |
| 6 | undertakings | undertaking | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 determine | nsubj |
| 7 | determine | determine | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | parataxis |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 odds | det |
| 9 | odds | odd | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 offered | nsubj |
| 10 | offered | offer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 determine | ccomp |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 customers | case |
| 12 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 customers | nmod:poss |
| 13 | customers | customer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 offered | obl |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 given | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | It | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | determine | present | that | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | offer | past | the odds | to odds's customers goal | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to customer=Goal |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Ascertain who, in aggregate, derives financial benefit therefrom.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ascertain | ascertain | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 1 Ascertain | obj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 aggregate | punct |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 aggregate | case |
| 5 | aggregate | aggregate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Ascertain | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 derives | punct |
| 7 | derives | derive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Ascertain | parataxis |
| 8 | financial | financial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 benefit | amod |
| 9 | benefit | benefit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 derives | obj |
| 10 | therefrom | therefrom | ADV | _ | 7 derives | advmod |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ascertain | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascertain | imperative | you not said here | aggregate | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent who=Topic | ||||
| 2 | derive | present | financial benefit | therefrom property | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location benefit=Theme |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
The betting undertakings
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 undertakings | det |
| 2 | betting | betting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 undertakings | compound |
| 3 | undertakings | undertaking | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2
The government exclusively
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 government | det |
| 2 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | exclusively | exclusively | ADV | _ | 2 government | advmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3
The majority of persons placing bets
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 majority | det |
| 2 | majority | majority | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 persons | case |
| 4 | persons | person | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 majority | nmod |
| 5 | placing | place | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 persons | acl |
| 6 | bets | bet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 placing | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | place | gerund | persons not said here | bets | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent bet=Theme |
Option 4
The sporting teams concerned
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 teams | det |
| 2 | sporting | sport | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 teams | amod |
| 3 | teams | team | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 concerned | nsubj |
| 4 | concerned | concerned | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sport | gerund | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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