Exam question 4 · Smoking, vaping and betting: habits that are hard to stop
Determine which of the following statements is consistent with the established facts concerning the likelihood of winning a national lottery jackpot.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts, likelihood · What happens: determine, follow, be, establish, concern, win · To what, where: likelihood, national lottery jackpot
This is exam question 4 of lesson 28 «Smoking, vaping and betting: habits that are hard to stop» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Determine | determine | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 consistent | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 statements | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 statements | det |
| 5 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 statements | amod |
| 6 | statements | statement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 consistent | obl |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 consistent | cop |
| 8 | consistent | consistent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 1 Determine | ccomp |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 12 facts | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 facts | det |
| 11 | established | establish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 facts | amod |
| 12 | facts | fact | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 consistent | obl |
| 13 | concerning | concern | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 facts | acl |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 likelihood | det |
| 15 | likelihood | likelihood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 concerning | obj |
| 16 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 17 winning | mark |
| 17 | winning | win | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 likelihood | acl |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 jackpot | det |
| 19 | national | national | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 jackpot | amod |
| 20 | lottery | lottery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 jackpot | compound |
| 21 | jackpot | jackpot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 winning | obj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Determine | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | determine | imperative | you not said here | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | is | present | of the following statements; with the established facts; consistent property | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | establish | participle | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot | ||||||
| 5 | concern | gerund | the established facts not said here | the likelihood | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus likelihood=Experiencer | ||||
| 6 | win | gerund | the likelihood not said here | a national lottery jackpot | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jackpot=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
The probability is approximately one in forty-five million
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 probability | det |
| 2 | probability | probability | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 one | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 one | cop |
| 4 | approximately | approximately | ADV | _ | 5 one | advmod |
| 5 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | root | root |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 forty | case |
| 7 | forty | forty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 one | nmod |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 forty | punct |
| 9 | five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 million | compound |
| 10 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 one | acl:relcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the probability | one | forty | approximately property | tree rules |
Option 2
The probability exceeds one in two for regular players
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 probability | det |
| 2 | probability | probability | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 exceeds | nsubj |
| 3 | exceeds | exceed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 exceeds | obj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 two | case |
| 6 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 one | nmod |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 9 players | case |
| 8 | regular | regular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 players | amod |
| 9 | players | player | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 exceeds | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | exceed | present | the probability | one | for regular players; in two | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot one=Theme in two=Attribute |
Option 3
The probability increases after each loss
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 probability | det |
| 2 | probability | probability | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 increases | nsubj |
| 3 | increases | increase | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | after | after | ADP | _ | 6 loss | case |
| 5 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 6 loss | det |
| 6 | loss | loss | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 increases | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | increase | present | the probability | after each loss | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
Option 4
The probability is certain for persons choosing birthdays
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 probability | det |
| 2 | probability | probability | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 certain | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 certain | cop |
| 4 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 persons | case |
| 6 | persons | person | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 certain | obl |
| 7 | choosing | choose | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 persons | acl |
| 8 | birthdays | birthday | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 choosing | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the probability | for persons; certain property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | choose | gerund | persons not said here | birthdays | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent birthday=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/adult-life/28-smoking-vaping-and-betting/e4/