Exam question 1 · Votes, parties and the people in charge

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the principle of the secret ballot?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: principle

This is exam question 1 of lesson 31 «Votes, parties and the people in charge» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 principle	det
10	principle	principle	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 ballot	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 ballot	det
13	secret	secret	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 ballot	amod
14	ballot	ballot	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 principle	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the principle of the secret ballot				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Only children are permitted to know how votes are cast

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 children	advmod
2	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 permitted	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 permitted	aux:pass
4	permitted	permit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 know	mark
6	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 permitted	xcomp
7	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	10 cast	advmod
8	votes	vote	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 cast	nsubj:pass
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 cast	aux:pass
10	cast	cast	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 know	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	roles by
1	permit	present · passive	children	vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality
2	know not said to happen	to-infinitive		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
3	cast	present · passive	votes	vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product

Option 2

Every elector must declare the vote to the family

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	2 elector	det
2	elector	elector	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 declare	nsubj
3	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 declare	aux
4	declare	declare	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 vote	det
6	vote	vote	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 declare	obj
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 family	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 family	det
9	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 declare	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	declare speech: other	must	every elector	the vote	the family				vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent vote=Theme to family=Recipient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

No elector is obliged to disclose how he or she has voted

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 elector	det
2	elector	elector	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 obliged	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 obliged	aux:pass
4	obliged	oblige	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 disclose	mark
6	disclose	disclose	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 obliged	xcomp
7	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	8 he	advmod
8	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 disclose	obl
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 voted	cc
10	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 voted	nsubj
11	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 voted	aux
12	voted	vote	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 obliged	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	oblige	present · passive		no elector	vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result
2	disclose	to-infinitive		he	vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	vote	present · perfect	she		vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

The vote of each elector is published the following day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 vote	det
2	vote	vote	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 published	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 elector	case
4	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	5 elector	det
5	elector	elector	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 vote	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 published	aux:pass
7	published	publish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 day	det
9	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 day	amod
10	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 published	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	when	roles by
1	publish	present · passive	the vote of each elector	day	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result
2	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	vote		each elector		nom vote «act transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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