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Test 9 · ★★ · Viral rumours, cancellations, fakes and apologies

Mum reads: "Company boss charged with fraud." Your cousin says, "So he's a crook then." Put him right.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Mum, cousin, you · What happens: read, charge, say, be, put · To what, where: Company boss, crook, cousin · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 9 · ★★ of lesson 47 «Viral rumours, cancellations, fakes and apologies» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Mum reads: "Company boss charged with fraud."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reads	nsubj
2	reads	read	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 boss	punct
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 boss	punct
5	Company	company	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 boss	compound
6	boss	boss	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reads	obj
7	charged	charge	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 boss	acl
8	with	with	ADP	_	9 fraud	case
9	fraud	fraud	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 charged	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 boss	punct
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 boss	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	read	present	Mum	Company boss					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boss=Topic
2	charge in a quote	participle		Company boss not said here				with fraud	vn equip-13.4.2 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: agent=Agent with fraud=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Your cousin says, "So he's a crook then."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 cousin	nmod:poss
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 crook	punct
6	So	so	ADV	_	10 crook	advmod
7	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 crook	nsubj
8	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 crook	cop
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 crook	det
10	crook	crook	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	ccomp
11	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	10 crook	advmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 crook	punct
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 crook	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Your cousin						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a in a quote	present	cousin	a crook			then		tree rules

Sentence 3: Put him right.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Put	put	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Put	obj
3	right	right	ADV	_	1 Put	advmod
4	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Put	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	put	imperative	you not said here		cousin			right property	vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent he=Goal

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Charged isn't guilty; the court decides

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Charged	charge	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 guilty	amod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 guilty	cop
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 guilty	advmod
4	guilty	guilty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 decides	advcl
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	4 guilty	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 court	det
7	court	court	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 decides	nsubj
8	decides	decide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	charge	participle							vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	not is	present	the court not said here					guilty property	tree rules
3	decide	present	the court						vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

No, bosses can never be charged

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	3 bosses	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	bosses	boss	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 charged	nsubj:pass
4	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 charged	aux
5	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	7 charged	advmod
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 charged	aux:pass
7	charged	charge	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not charge	can · passive		bosses					vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Yes, the BBC has decided it already

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	6 decided	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 BBC	det
4	BBC	BBC	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 decided	nsubj
5	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 decided	aux
6	decided	decide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 decided	obj
8	already	already	ADV	_	6 decided	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	decide	present · perfect	the BBC	it					vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent it=Topic

Option 4

Yes, being charged means he did it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 charged	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 charged	aux:pass
4	charged	charge	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 means	csubj
5	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 did	nsubj
7	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 means	ccomp
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 did	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	charge	gerund · passive							vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»
2	mean	present							vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	do	past	he	it					vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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