Exam question 2 · Rumours about classmates and what to do with a secret
Determine the meaning of the word "allegedly" as employed in the reporting of news.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: determine, employ, mean, report · To what, where: meaning, reporting, word, news
This is exam question 2 of lesson 50 «Rumours about classmates and what to do with a secret» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Determine | determine | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 meaning | det |
| 3 | meaning | meaning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Determine | obj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 word | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 word | det |
| 6 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 meaning | nmod |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 allegedly | punct |
| 8 | allegedly | allegedly | ADV | _ | 6 word | advmod |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 allegedly | punct |
| 10 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 11 employed | mark |
| 11 | employed | employ | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Determine | advcl |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 reporting | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 reporting | det |
| 14 | reporting | reporting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 employed | obl |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 news | case |
| 16 | news | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 reporting | nmod |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Determine | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | determine | imperative | you not said here | the meaning of the word | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Topic | ||||
| 2 | employ | participle | you not said here | the reporting of news | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | mean | the word | nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 4 | report | news | nom reporting «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
That the claim has been withdrawn by its author
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 claim | det |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 claim | det |
| 3 | claim | claim | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 withdrawn | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 withdrawn | aux |
| 5 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 withdrawn | aux:pass |
| 6 | withdrawn | withdraw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 author | case |
| 8 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 author | nmod:poss |
| 9 | author | author | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 withdrawn | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | withdraw | present · perfect · passive | claim's author | that claim | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
That a claim has been made but has not been proved
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 claim | det |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 claim | det |
| 3 | claim | claim | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 made | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 made | aux |
| 5 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 made | aux:pass |
| 6 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 11 proved | cc |
| 8 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 proved | aux |
| 9 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 11 proved | advmod |
| 10 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 proved | aux:pass |
| 11 | proved | prove | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 made | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present · perfect · passive | that claim | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | |||||
| 2 | not prove | present · perfect · passive | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF» |
Option 3
That the event in question occurred long ago
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 event | det |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 event | det |
| 3 | event | event | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 occurred | nsubj |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 question | case |
| 5 | question | question | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 event | nmod |
| 6 | occurred | occur | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 8 ago | advmod |
| 8 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 6 occurred | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | occur | past | that event in question | ago property | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 4
That a court has established the claim as true beyond doubt
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 court | det |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 court | det |
| 3 | court | court | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 established | nsubj |
| 4 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 established | aux |
| 5 | established | establish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 claim | det |
| 7 | claim | claim | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 established | obj |
| 8 | as | as | ADP | _ | 9 true | case |
| 9 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 established | obl |
| 10 | beyond | beyond | ADP | _ | 11 doubt | case |
| 11 | doubt | doubt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 established | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | establish | present · perfect | that court | the claim | as true; beyond doubt | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claim=Patient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/adult-life/50-rumours-about-classmates-and-secrets/e2/