Test 1 · Age ratings in the UK, the USA, Australia and Canada, and… Isla cries at a U film where an old dog dies. "But it's a U!" What's true?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Isla, old dog, dog · What happens: cry, die, be · To what, where: U film, U
This is test 1 of lesson 57 «Age ratings in the UK, the USA, Australia and Canada, and why they exist» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Isla cries at a U film where an old dog dies. "
nsubj case det compound obj advmod det amod nsubj advcl punct punct root Isla PROPN cries VERB at ADP a DET U PROPN film NOUN where ADV an DET old ADJ dog NOUN dies VERB . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Isla Isla PROPN Number=Sing 2 cries nsubj 2 cries cry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 at at ADP _ 6 film case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 film det 5 U U PROPN Number=Sing 6 film compound 6 film film NOUN Number=Sing 2 cries obj 7 where where ADV PronType=Rel 11 dies advmod 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 dog det 9 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 10 dog amod 10 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 11 dies nsubj 11 dies die VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 film advcl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 cries punct 13 " " PUNCT _ 2 cries punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cry speech: express present Isla a U film vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent film=Topic 2 die present a old dog vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: But it's a U!"
cc nsubj cop det punct punct root But CCONJ it PRON 's AUX a DET U PROPN ! PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 But but CCONJ _ 5 U cc 2 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 U nsubj 3 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 U cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 U det 5 U U PROPN Number=Sing root root 6 ! ! PUNCT _ 5 U punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 5 U punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present dog a U tree rules
Sentence 3: What's true?
nsubj cop punct root What PRON 's AUX true ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 3 true nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 true cop 3 true true ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 true punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present true property tree rules
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice U films are never sad, so the film must have been rated wrongly
compound nsubj cop advmod punct advmod det nsubj:pass aux aux aux:pass conj advmod root U PROPN films NOUN are AUX never ADV sad ADJ , PUNCT so ADV the DET film NOUN must AUX have AUX been AUX rated VERB wrongly ADV The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 U U PROPN Number=Sing 2 films compound 2 films film NOUN Number=Plur 5 sad nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 sad cop 4 never never ADV PronType=Neg 5 sad advmod 5 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 13 rated punct 7 so so ADV _ 13 rated advmod 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 film det 9 film film NOUN Number=Sing 13 rated nsubj:pass 10 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 rated aux 11 have have AUX VerbForm=Inf 13 rated aux 12 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 13 rated aux:pass 13 rated rate VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 sad conj 14 wrongly wrongly ADV _ 13 rated advmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is present U films sad property tree rules 2 rate must · perfect · passive the film wrongly property vn price-54.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Option 2 The film must have been an 18 with the wrong label
det nsubj aux aux cop det case det amod nmod root The DET film NOUN must AUX have AUX been AUX an DET 18 NUM with ADP the DET wrong ADJ label NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 film det 2 film film NOUN Number=Sing 7 18 nsubj 3 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 18 aux 4 have have AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 18 aux 5 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 7 18 cop 6 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 18 det 7 18 18 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card root root 8 with with ADP _ 11 label case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 label det 10 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos 11 label amod 11 label label NOUN Number=Sing 7 18 nmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a must · perfect the film a 18 with the wrong label tree rules
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer A U film can still be sad; ratings don't measure feelings
det amod nsubj aux advmod cop punct nsubj aux advmod parataxis obj root A DET U ADJ film NOUN can AUX still ADV be AUX sad ADJ ; PUNCT ratings NOUN do AUX n't PART measure VERB feelings NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 film det 2 U u ADJ Degree=Pos 3 film amod 3 film film NOUN Number=Sing 7 sad nsubj 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 sad aux 5 still still ADV _ 7 sad advmod 6 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 sad cop 7 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 ; ; PUNCT _ 12 measure punct 9 ratings rating NOUN Number=Plur 12 measure nsubj 10 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 measure aux 11 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 12 measure advmod 12 measure measure VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 sad parataxis 13 feelings feeling NOUN Number=Plur 12 measure obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is can a U film still sad property tree rules 2 not measure present · do-support ratings feelings vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme feeling=Value
Option 4 U films are only sad for grown-ups, not children
compound nsubj cop advmod case amod punct obl punct advmod conj root U PROPN films NOUN are AUX only ADV sad ADJ for ADP grown VERB - PUNCT ups NOUN , PUNCT not PART children NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 U U PROPN Number=Sing 2 films compound 2 films film NOUN Number=Plur 5 sad nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 sad cop 4 only only ADV _ 5 sad advmod 5 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 for for ADP _ 9 ups case 7 grown grow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 ups amod 8 - - PUNCT _ 7 grown punct 9 ups up NOUN Number=Plur 5 sad obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 children punct 11 not not PART Polarity=Neg 12 children advmod 12 children child NOUN Number=Plur 9 ups conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present U films for grown ups and children; sad property tree rules 2 grow participle vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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