Test 6 · ★★ · Borrowing and debt
A man on telly says "Borrowed £200 till payday, ended up owing loads more, kept borrowing to pay it back." What happened?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: man · What happens: say, borrow, end up, owe, keep, pay back · To what, where: loads, payday · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 6 · ★★ of lesson 8 «Borrowing and debt» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A man on telly says "Borrowed £200 till payday, ended up owing loads more, kept borrowing to pay it back."
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 man | det |
| 2 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 says | nsubj |
| 3 | on | on | ADP | _ | 4 telly | case |
| 4 | telly | telly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 man | nmod |
| 5 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 Borrowed | punct |
| 7 | Borrowed | borrow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 says | ccomp |
| 8 | £ | £ | SYM | _ | 7 Borrowed | obj |
| 9 | 200 | 200 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 £ | nummod |
| 10 | till | till | ADP | _ | 11 payday | case |
| 11 | payday | payday | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 £ | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 ended | punct |
| 13 | ended | end | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 says | parataxis |
| 14 | up | up | ADP | _ | 13 ended | compound:prt |
| 15 | owing | owe | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 ended | advcl |
| 16 | loads | load | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 owing | obj |
| 17 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 15 owing | advmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 kept | punct |
| 19 | kept | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 ended | conj |
| 20 | borrowing | borrow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 kept | xcomp |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 pay | mark |
| 22 | pay | pay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 borrowing | xcomp |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 pay | obj |
| 24 | back | back | ADV | _ | 22 pay | advmod |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 says | punct |
| 26 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 says | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | a man on telly | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | borrow in a quote | participle | till payday | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent £=Theme | |||||
| 3 | end up in a quote | past | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 4 | owe in a quote | gerund | loads | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent load=Theme | |||||
| 5 | keep in a quote | past | tree rules | ||||||
| 6 | borrow in a quote | gerund | tree rules | ||||||
| 7 | pay back in a quote | to-infinitive | payday | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Asset |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What happened?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 2 happened | nsubj |
| 2 | happened | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 2 happened | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | happen | past | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
His savings grew by compound interest
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 savings | nmod:poss |
| 2 | savings | savings | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 3 grew | nsubj |
| 3 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 interest | case |
| 5 | compound | compound | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 interest | amod |
| 6 | interest | interest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 grew | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | past | His savings | by compound interest | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by interest=Location | ||||
| 2 | save | His = he | nom savings «possession transitive»: poss=agent |
Option 2
He won money in a prize draw on the telly
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 won | nsubj |
| 2 | won | win | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 won | obj |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 draw | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 draw | det |
| 6 | prize | prize | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 draw | compound |
| 7 | draw | draw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 won | obl |
| 8 | on | on | ADP | _ | 10 telly | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 telly | det |
| 10 | telly | telly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 won | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | win | past | He | money | a prize draw | on the telly | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Eventuality |
Option 3
He got a free loan from a charity
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 got | nsubj |
| 2 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 loan | det |
| 4 | free | free | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 loan | amod |
| 5 | loan | loan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 got | obj |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 charity | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 charity | det |
| 8 | charity | charity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 got | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | get | past | He | a free loan | a charity | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent loan=Theme from charity=Source |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
He was trapped by an expensive payday loan
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 trapped | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 trapped | aux:pass |
| 3 | trapped | trap | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 loan | case |
| 5 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 loan | det |
| 6 | expensive | expensive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 loan | amod |
| 7 | payday | payday | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 loan | compound |
| 8 | loan | loan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 trapped | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | trap | past · passive | a expensive payday loan | He | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/adult-life/8-borrowing-and-debt/t6/