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Test 2 · ★★★ · Olympiad: claims, clues and tricky messages ★★★

Zip always tells the truth; Zap always lies. You hear one voice say, "I am the liar." Who said it?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Zip, Zap, You, one voice · What happens: tell, lie, hear, say, be · To what, where: truth, liar · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 2 · ★★★ of lesson 32 «Olympiad: claims, clues and tricky messages ★★★» of the AI course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Zip always tells the truth; Zap always lies.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Zip	zip	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 tells	nsubj
2	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	3 tells	advmod
3	tells	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 truth	det
5	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 tells	obj
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 lies	punct
7	Zap	zap	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 lies	nsubj
8	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	9 lies	advmod
9	lies	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 tells	conj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 tells	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	present	Zip	the truth				always property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient
2	lie	present	Zap					always property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: You hear one voice say, "I am the liar."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 hear	nsubj
2	hear	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 voice	nummod
4	voice	voice	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 say	nsubj
5	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 hear	ccomp
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 liar	punct
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 liar	punct
8	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	11 liar	nsubj
9	am	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 liar	cop
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 liar	det
11	liar	liar	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 say	ccomp
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 hear	punct
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 hear	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hear	present	You						vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	say speech: assert	present	one voice						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	is a in a quote	present	one voice = voice	the liar					tree rules

Sentence 3: Who said it?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	2 said	nsubj
2	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 said	obj
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past		truth					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic

The options

Option 1

Both of them, one after the other

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	5 one	det
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 them	case
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Both	nmod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Both	punct
5	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	root	root
6	after	after	ADP	_	8 other	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 other	det
8	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 one	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

Zap, because a liar would admit being one

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Zap	zap	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 admit	punct
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 admit	mark
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 liar	det
5	liar	liar	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 admit	nsubj
6	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 admit	aux
7	admit	admit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 one	amod
8	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 one	cop
9	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	1 Zap	appos

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	admit speech: other	would	a liar						vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
2	is a	gerund		admit one					tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Neither of them could have said it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neither	neither	DET	PronType=Neg	6 said	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 them	case
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Neither	nmod
4	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 said	aux
5	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 said	aux
6	said	say	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 said	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	could · perfect	Neither	it					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Zip, because Zip always tells the truth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Zip	zip	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 tells	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 tells	punct
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	6 tells	mark
4	Zip	zip	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 tells	nsubj
5	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 tells	advmod
6	tells	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 truth	det
8	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 tells	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	present	Zip	the truth				always property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/32-olympiad-claims-clues-and-tricky-messages/t2/