Exam question 3 · Music lessons and the recorder

Which of the following most accurately characterises the appearance of liquid at the lower end of a recorder in use?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: appearance, lower end

This is exam question 3 of lesson 1 «Music lessons and the recorder» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	SCONJ	_	7 characterises	mark
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 characterises	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 characterises	csubj
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	6 accurately	advmod
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	7 characterises	advmod
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 appearance	det
9	appearance	appearance	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 characterises	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 liquid	case
11	liquid	liquid	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 appearance	nmod
12	at	at	ADP	_	15 end	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 end	det
14	lower	low	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	15 end	amod
15	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 characterises	obl
16	of	of	ADP	_	18 recorder	case
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 recorder	det
18	recorder	recorder	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 end	nmod
19	in	in	ADP	_	20 use	case
20	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 recorder	nmod
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the appearance of liquid			at the lower end of a recorder in use	accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The deliberate introduction of saliva by the performer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 introduction	det
2	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 introduction	amod
3	introduction	introduction	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 saliva	case
5	saliva	saliva	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 introduction	nmod
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 performer	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 performer	det
8	performer	performer	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 introduction	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	introduce		the performer	saliva					nom introduction «act transitive»: of=patient by=agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The condensation of warm, moist breath upon cooling within the instrument

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 condensation	det
2	condensation	condensation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	7 breath	case
4	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 breath	amod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 warm	punct
6	moist	moist	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 breath	amod
7	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 condensation	nmod
8	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	9 cooling	mark
9	cooling	cool	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 condensation	acl
10	within	within	ADP	_	12 instrument	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 instrument	det
12	instrument	instrument	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 cooling	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cool	gerund	the condensation of warm moist breath not said here					within the instrument	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	condense			warm moist breath					nom condensation «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

A defect of manufacture necessitating replacement

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 defect	det
2	defect	defect	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 manufacture	case
4	manufacture	manufacture	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 defect	nmod
5	necessitating	necessitate	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 defect	acl
6	replacement	replacement	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 necessitating	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	necessitate	gerund	a defect of manufacture not said here	replacement					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme replacement=Precondition

Option 4

The leakage of fluid through a fracture in the instrument

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 leakage	det
2	leakage	leakage	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 fluid	case
4	fluid	fluid	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 leakage	nmod
5	through	through	ADP	_	7 fracture	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 fracture	det
7	fracture	fracture	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 leakage	nmod
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 instrument	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 instrument	det
10	instrument	instrument	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 leakage	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leak		fluid			a fracture			nom leakage «event intransitive»: of=agent through=place

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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