Exam question 3 · Street art and graffiti: legal walls vs vandalism

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hazard presented by railway lines?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, present · To what, where: hazard

This is exam question 3 of lesson 19 «Street art and graffiti: legal walls vs vandalism» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 hazard	det
10	hazard	hazard	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	presented	present	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 hazard	acl
12	by	by	ADP	_	14 lines	case
13	railway	railway	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 lines	compound
14	lines	line	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 presented	obl
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the hazard	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	present	participle	the hazard not said here	by railway lines	vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Trains halt automatically for pedestrians

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Trains	train	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 halt	nsubj
2	halt	halt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	automatically	automatically	ADV	_	2 halt	advmod
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 pedestrians	case
5	pedestrians	pedestrian	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 halt	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	halt	present	Trains					for pedestrians; automatically property	vn stop-55.4-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 2

Rails are harmless to the touch

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rails	rail	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 harmless	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 harmless	cop
3	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 touch	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 touch	det
6	touch	touch	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 harmless	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Rails					to the touch; harmless property	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Trains are fast and quiet, and certain rails carry lethal electricity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Trains	train	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 fast	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fast	cop
3	fast	fast	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 quiet	cc
5	quiet	quiet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 fast	conj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 carry	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 carry	cc
8	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 rails	amod
9	rails	rail	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 carry	nsubj
10	carry	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fast	conj
11	lethal	lethal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 electricity	amod
12	electricity	electricity	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 carry	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	Trains		fast property	tree rules
2	be		Trains not said here			tree rules
3	carry	present	certain rails	lethal electricity		vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent electricity=Theme

Option 4

A train may invariably be heard in sufficient time for any person to withdraw

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 train	det
2	train	train	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 heard	nsubj:pass
3	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 heard	aux
4	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	6 heard	advmod
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 heard	aux:pass
6	heard	hear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 time	case
8	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 time	amod
9	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 heard	obl
10	for	for	ADP	_	12 person	case
11	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	12 person	det
12	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 heard	obl
13	to	to	PART	_	14 withdraw	mark
14	withdraw	withdraw	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 person	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hear	may · passive		a train			time	for any person; invariably property	vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus
2	withdraw	to-infinitive							vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/arts/19-street-art-and-graffiti-legal-walls-vs-vandalism/e3/