Exam question 2 · Age ratings, scary films and choosing what to watch

Which of the following most accurately characterises the revenue of cinemas from refreshments?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: revenue

This is exam question 2 of lesson 26 «Age ratings, scary films and choosing what to watch» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	SCONJ	_	7 characterises	mark
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 characterises	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 characterises	csubj
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	6 accurately	advmod
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	7 characterises	advmod
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 revenue	det
9	revenue	revenue	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 characterises	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 cinemas	case
11	cinemas	cinema	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 revenue	nmod
12	from	from	ADP	_	13 refreshments	case
13	refreshments	refreshment	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 cinemas	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the revenue of cinemas from refreshments				accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Refreshments are sold at cost without any profit

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Refreshments	refreshment	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sold	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sold	aux:pass
3	sold	sell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 cost	case
5	cost	cost	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sold	obl
6	without	without	ADP	_	8 profit	case
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 profit	det
8	profit	profit	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sold	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sell	present · passive		Refreshments		cost		without any profit	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: subject=Theme at cost=Asset

Option 2

Refreshments are supplied free of charge with all tickets

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Refreshments	refreshment	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 supplied	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 supplied	aux:pass
3	supplied	supply	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	free	free	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 supplied	xcomp
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 charge	case
6	charge	charge	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 free	obl
7	with	with	ADP	_	9 tickets	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 tickets	det
9	tickets	ticket	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 supplied	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	supply	present · passive		Refreshments				with all tickets; free property	vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: subject=Recipient with ticket=Theme

Option 3

The price of refreshments is fixed by the actors

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 price	det
2	price	price	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fixed	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 refreshments	case
4	refreshments	refreshment	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 price	nmod
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 fixed	aux:pass
6	fixed	fix	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 actors	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 actors	det
9	actors	actor	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 fixed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fix	present · passive	the actors	the price of refreshments					vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Refreshments constitute a substantial portion of the cinema's income

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Refreshments	refreshment	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 constitute	nsubj
2	constitute	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 portion	det
4	substantial	substantial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 portion	amod
5	portion	portion	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitute	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	10 income	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 cinema	det
8	cinema	cinema	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 income	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 cinema	case
10	income	income	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 portion	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	Refreshments	a substantial portion of the cinema's income					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme portion=Pivot

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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