Exam question 2 · Design all around: logos, brands, packaging, fonts

Which of the following most accurately characterises the claim that red and yellow colours induce hunger?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: red colours · What happens: follow, characteris, induce · To what, where: claim, hunger

This is exam question 2 of lesson 33 «Design all around: logos, brands, packaging, fonts» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 following	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 following	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 following	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	6 accurately	advmod
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	7 characterises	advmod
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 following	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 claim	det
9	claim	claim	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 characterises	obj
10	that	that	SCONJ	_	15 induce	mark
11	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 colours	amod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 yellow	cc
13	yellow	yellow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 red	conj
14	colours	colour	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 induce	nsubj
15	induce	induce	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 claim	acl
16	hunger	hunger	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 induce	obj
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 following	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the claim	accurately property	tree rules
3	induce	infinitive	red colours	hunger		vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hunger=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It has been conclusively established by all scientists

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 established	nsubj:pass
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 established	aux
3	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 established	aux:pass
4	conclusively	conclusively	ADV	_	5 established	advmod
5	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 scientists	case
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 scientists	det
8	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 established	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	establish	present · perfect · passive	all scientists	It				conclusively property	vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Option 2

It has been formally refuted and is never repeated

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 refuted	nsubj:pass
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 refuted	aux
3	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 refuted	aux:pass
4	formally	formally	ADV	_	5 refuted	advmod
5	refuted	refute	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 repeated	cc
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 repeated	aux:pass
8	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	9 repeated	advmod
9	repeated	repeat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 refuted	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	refute	present · perfect · passive		It				formally property	tree rules
2	not repeat	present · passive							vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It is frequently repeated, though the supporting evidence is weak and argued

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 repeated	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 repeated	aux:pass
3	frequently	frequently	ADV	_	4 repeated	advmod
4	repeated	repeat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 weak	punct
6	though	though	SCONJ	_	11 weak	mark
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 evidence	det
8	supporting	supporting	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 evidence	compound
9	evidence	evidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 weak	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 weak	cop
11	weak	weak	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 repeated	conj
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 argued	cc
13	argued	argue	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 weak	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	repeat	present · passive		It	frequently property	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality
2	is	present	the supporting evidence		weak property	tree rules
3	argue speech: disagree	participle	the supporting evidence not said here			vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

It applies solely to the colour blue

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 applies	nsubj
2	applies	apply	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	solely	solely	ADV	_	2 applies	advmod
4	to	to	ADP	_	7 blue	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 blue	det
6	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 blue	compound
7	blue	blue	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 applies	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	apply	present	It					to the colour blue; solely property	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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