Exam question 3 · Buildings and architecture

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the inclination of the Tower of Pisa.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts, Tower · What happens: select, establish, concern, incline · To what, where: response, inclination

This is exam question 3 of lesson 34 «Buildings and architecture» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 inclination	det
11	inclination	inclination	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 Tower	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Tower	det
14	Tower	Tower	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 inclination	nmod
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 Pisa	case
16	Pisa	Pisa	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 Tower	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the inclination of the Tower of Pisa		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus inclination=Experiencer
4	incline		the Tower of Pisa			nom inclination «cognition intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is an illusion produced solely by photography

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 illusion	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 illusion	cop
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 illusion	det
4	illusion	illusion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	produced	produce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 illusion	acl
6	solely	solely	ADV	_	5 produced	advmod
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 photography	case
8	photography	photography	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 produced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a illusion					tree rules
2	produce	participle		a illusion not said here				by photography; solely property	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

It was caused by an earthquake in the present century

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 caused	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 caused	aux:pass
3	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 earthquake	case
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 earthquake	det
6	earthquake	earthquake	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 caused	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	10 century	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 century	det
9	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 century	amod
10	century	century	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 caused	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	past · passive	a earthquake	It			century		vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient

Option 3

It was introduced deliberately by the builders to attract fame

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 introduced	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 introduced	aux:pass
3	introduced	introduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	deliberately	deliberately	ADV	_	3 introduced	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 builders	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 builders	det
7	builders	builder	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 introduced	obl
8	to	to	PART	_	9 attract	mark
9	attract	attract	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 introduced	advcl
10	fame	fame	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 attract	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	introduce	past · passive	the builders	It				deliberately property	vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
2	attract	to-infinitive	the builders not said here	fame					vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fame=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It arose during construction owing to the subsidence of soft ground

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 arose	nsubj
2	arose	arise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	during	during	ADP	_	4 construction	case
4	construction	construction	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 arose	obl
5	owing	owe	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 construction	acl
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 subsidence	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 subsidence	det
8	subsidence	subsidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 owing	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 ground	case
10	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 ground	amod
11	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 subsidence	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	when	other	roles by
1	arise	past	It	during construction		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	owe	gerund	construction not said here		to the subsidence of soft ground goal	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to subsidence=Goal
3	subside		soft ground			nom subsidence «event intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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