Exam question 3 · Being bad at something and keeping going

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the effect of sleep upon the learning of movement skills.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, effect · To what, where: response, effect, sleep

This is exam question 3 of lesson 37 «Being bad at something and keeping going» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 effect	det
11	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 sleep	case
13	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 effect	nmod
14	upon	upon	ADP	_	16 learning	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 learning	det
16	learning	learning	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 effect	nmod
17	of	of	ADP	_	19 skills	case
18	movement	movement	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 skills	compound
19	skills	skill	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 learning	nmod
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the effect of sleep	upon the learning of movement skills	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus effect=Experiencer
4	effect			sleep	upon the learning of movement skills	nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient upon=obl

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Sleep causes the loss of movements practised the previous day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 causes	nsubj
2	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 loss	det
4	loss	loss	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 practised	nsubj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 movements	case
6	movements	movement	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 loss	nmod
7	practised	practise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 causes	parataxis
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 day	det
9	previous	previous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 day	amod
10	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 practised	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	present	Sleep						vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition
2	practise	past	the loss of movements				day		tree rules

Option 2

Sleep has no effect whatsoever upon any form of learning

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 effect	det
4	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	obj
5	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	8 form	advmod
6	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 form	case
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 form	det
8	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 effect	appos
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 learning	case
10	learning	learning	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 form	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Sleep	no effect					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient
2	form			learning					nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Sleep assists the brain in storing new movement skills

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 assists	nsubj
2	assists	assist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 brain	det
4	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 assists	obj
5	in	in	SCONJ	_	6 storing	mark
6	storing	store	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 assists	advcl
7	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 skills	amod
8	movement	movement	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 skills	compound
9	skills	skill	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 storing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	assist	present	Sleep	the brain					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brain=Beneficiary
2	store	gerund	Sleep not said here	new movement skills					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skill=Theme

Option 4

Sleep assists learning solely in the case of adults

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 assists	compound
2	assists	assist	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 learning	nsubj
3	learning	learn	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	3 learning	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 case	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 case	det
7	case	case	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 learning	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 adults	case
9	adults	adult	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 case	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	learn	gerund	Sleep assists			the case of adults		solely property	vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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