Exam question 2 · Being bad at something and keeping going

Which of the following most accurately characterises the view of Anders Ericsson concerning the "10,000 hours" rule?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: view · What happens: follow, characteris, concern, view · To what, where: view, hours rule, Anders

This is exam question 2 of lesson 37 «Being bad at something and keeping going» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	SCONJ	_	7 characterises	mark
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 characterises	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 characterises	csubj
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	6 accurately	advmod
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	7 characterises	advmod
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 view	det
9	view	view	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 characterises	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 Anders	case
11	Anders	Anders	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 view	nmod
12	Ericsson	Ericsson	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 Anders	flat
13	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 view	acl
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 rule	det
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	17 hours	punct
16	10,000	10000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	17 hours	nummod
17	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 rule	compound
18	"	"	PUNCT	_	17 hours	punct
19	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 concerning	obj
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the view of Anders	accurately property	tree rules
3	concern	gerund	the view of Anders not said here	the hours rule		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus rule=Experiencer
4	view			Anders		nom view «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It applies only to music

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 applies	nsubj
2	applies	apply	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 music	advmod
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 music	case
5	music	music	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 applies	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	apply	present	It	music					vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent music=Theme

Option 2

Hours of practice are irrelevant in comparison with inborn talent

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 irrelevant	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 practice	case
3	practice	practice	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Hours	nmod
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 irrelevant	cop
5	irrelevant	irrelevant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 comparison	case
7	comparison	comparison	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 irrelevant	obl
8	with	with	ADP	_	10 talent	case
9	inborn	inborn	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 talent	amod
10	talent	talent	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 comparison	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Hours of practice			comparison with inborn talent		irrelevant property	tree rules

Option 3

Precisely ten thousand hours are required for any skill whatsoever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Precisely	precisely	ADV	_	3 thousand	advmod
2	ten	ten	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 thousand	compound
3	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 hours	nummod
4	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 required	nsubj:pass
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 required	aux:pass
6	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	for	for	ADP	_	9 skill	case
8	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	9 skill	det
9	skill	skill	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 required	obl
10	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	6 required	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present · passive		thousand hours				for any skill; whatsoever property	vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

No magic number exists, and the quality of practice matters

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	3 number	det
2	magic	magic	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 number	compound
3	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 exists	nsubj
4	exists	exist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 matters	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 matters	cc
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 quality	det
8	quality	quality	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 matters	nsubj
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 practice	case
10	practice	practice	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 quality	nmod
11	matters	matter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 exists	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exist	present	no magic number						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	matter	present	the quality of practice						vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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