Exam question 1 · The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and ant…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the neck of the giraffe?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: neck

This is exam question 1 of lesson 101 «The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 neck	det
10	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 giraffe	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 giraffe	det
13	giraffe	giraffe	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 neck	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the neck of the giraffe				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It comprises some seventy vertebrae of ordinary length

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 comprises	nsubj
2	comprises	comprise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	5 vertebrae	det
4	seventy	seventy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 vertebrae	amod
5	vertebrae	vertebra	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 comprises	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 length	case
7	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 length	amod
8	length	length	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 vertebrae	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	comprise	present	It	some seventy vertebrae of ordinary length					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme vertebra=Pivot

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

It consists of a single elongated bone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 consists	nsubj
2	consists	consist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	7 bone	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 bone	det
5	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 bone	amod
6	elongated	elongate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 bone	amod
7	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consists	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consist	present	It					of a single elongated bone	tree rules
2	elongate	participle							tree rules

Option 3

It comprises twenty vertebrae, considerably more than are found in the neck of man

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 comprises	nsubj
2	comprises	comprise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	twenty	twenty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 vertebrae	nummod
4	vertebrae	vertebra	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 found	nsubj:pass
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 more	punct
6	considerably	considerably	ADV	_	7 more	advmod
7	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 vertebrae	conj
8	than	than	ADP	_	7 more	fixed
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 found	aux:pass
10	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 comprises	ccomp
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 neck	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 neck	det
13	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 found	obl
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 man	case
15	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 neck	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	comprise	present	It						tree rules
2	find	present · passive		twenty vertebrae		the neck of man			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It comprises seven vertebrae, each of exceptional length, as in the human neck

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 comprises	nsubj
2	comprises	comprise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	seven	seven	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 vertebrae	nummod
4	vertebrae	vertebra	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 comprises	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 each	punct
6	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	4 vertebrae	appos
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 length	case
8	exceptional	exceptional	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 length	amod
9	length	length	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 each	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 neck	punct
11	as	as	ADP	_	15 neck	case
12	in	in	ADP	_	15 neck	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 neck	det
14	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 neck	amod
15	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 comprises	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	comprise	present	It	seven vertebrae				as the human neck	vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme vertebra=Pivot

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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