Test 12 · The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and ant…

«a baby giraffe falls 2 metres when it's born?! poor thing» What is true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: baby giraffe · What happens: fall, bear, be · To what, where: 2 metres, giraffe · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 12 of lesson 101 «The African savanna area: giraffes, zebras, rhinos and antelopes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 falls	punct
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 giraffe	det
3	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 giraffe	compound
4	giraffe	giraffe	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 falls	nsubj
5	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	2	2	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 metres	nummod
7	metres	metre	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 falls	obj
8	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	11 born	advmod
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 born	nsubj:pass
10	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 born	aux:pass
11	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 falls	advcl
12	?!	?!	PUNCT	_	14 thing	punct
13	poor	poor	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 thing	amod
14	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 born	obj
15	»	»	PUNCT	_	14 thing	punct
16	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	18 true	nsubj
17	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 true	cop
18	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 born	parataxis
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 falls	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	fall in a quote	present	a baby giraffe	2 metres		vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient metre=Result
2	bear in a quote	present · passive		giraffe		tree rules
3	is	present			true property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

No, giraffes are born lying in a nest

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	5 born	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	giraffes	giraffe	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 born	nsubj:pass
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 born	aux:pass
5	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	lying	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 born	xcomp
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 nest	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 nest	det
9	nest	nest	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lying	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bear	present · passive		giraffes					tree rules
2	lie	gerund				a nest			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in nest=Location

Option 2

No, giraffes lay eggs in tall trees

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 lay	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 lay	punct
3	giraffes	giraffe	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 lay	nsubj
4	lay	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 lay	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 trees	case
7	tall	tall	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 trees	amod
8	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 lay	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lay	present	giraffes	eggs		tall trees			vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme in tree=Destination

Option 3

Yes, and most babies are hurt by it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 hurt	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 hurt	punct
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 hurt	cc
4	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 babies	amod
5	babies	baby	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 hurt	nsubj:pass
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 hurt	aux:pass
7	hurt	hurt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 it	case
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 hurt	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hurt	present · passive		most babies				by it	vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Yes, and the drop is normal and safe for it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 normal	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 normal	punct
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 normal	cc
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 drop	det
5	drop	drop	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 normal	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 normal	cop
7	normal	normal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 safe	cc
9	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 normal	conj
10	for	for	ADP	_	11 it	case
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 normal	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the drop					for it; normal property	tree rules
2	be		the drop not said here						tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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