Exam question 1 · The Australian walkabout: kangaroos, emus, wallabies and d…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the locomotion of the kangaroo?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: locomotion

This is exam question 1 of lesson 103 «The Australian walkabout: kangaroos, emus, wallabies and dingoes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 locomotion	det
10	locomotion	locomotion	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 kangaroo	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 kangaroo	det
13	kangaroo	kangaroo	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 locomotion	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the locomotion of the kangaroo				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Elastic tendons store energy, so that rapid hopping costs scarcely more than slow hopping

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Elastic	elastic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 tendons	amod
2	tendons	tendon	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 store	nsubj
3	store	store	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 store	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 costs	punct
6	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	10 costs	mark
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 so	fixed
8	rapid	rapid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 hopping	amod
9	hopping	hopping	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 costs	nsubj
10	costs	cost	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 store	conj
11	scarcely	scarcely	ADV	_	12 more	advmod
12	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 costs	obj
13	than	than	ADP	_	15 hopping	case
14	slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 hopping	amod
15	hopping	hopping	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 more	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	store	present	Elastic tendons	energy					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme
2	cost	present	rapid hopping	more					vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme more=Value

Option 2

The tail alone propels the animal at great speed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 tail	det
2	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 propels	nsubj
3	alone	alone	ADV	_	2 tail	advmod
4	propels	propel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 animal	det
6	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 propels	obj
7	at	at	ADP	_	9 speed	case
8	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 speed	amod
9	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 propels	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	propel	present	the tail	the animal		great speed			tree rules

Option 3

Hopping requires greater effort at each increase of speed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hopping	hopping	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 requires	nsubj
2	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 effort	amod
4	effort	effort	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 requires	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	7 increase	case
6	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	7 increase	det
7	increase	increase	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 requires	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 speed	case
9	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 increase	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present	Hopping	greater effort		each increase of speed			vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme effort=Precondition

Option 4

The animal moves backwards as readily as forwards

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 animal	det
2	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 moves	nsubj
3	moves	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	backwards	backwards	ADV	_	3 moves	advmod
5	as	as	ADV	_	6 readily	advmod
6	readily	readily	ADV	_	3 moves	advmod
7	as	as	ADP	_	8 forwards	case
8	forwards	forward	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 moves	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	present	the animal					as forwards; backwards, readily property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/103-the-australian-walkabout-kangaroos-emus-wallabies-dingoes/e1/