Exam question 2 · The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmings and rei…

Identify the origin of the belief that lemmings deliberately leap from cliffs.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, lemmings · What happens: identify, leap · To what, where: origin, belief, cliffs

This is exam question 2 of lesson 106 «The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmings and reindeer» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 origin	det
3	origin	origin	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 belief	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 belief	det
6	belief	belief	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 origin	nmod
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 leap	mark
8	lemmings	lemming	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 leap	nsubj
9	deliberately	deliberately	ADV	_	10 leap	advmod
10	leap	leap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 belief	acl
11	from	from	ADP	_	12 cliffs	case
12	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 leap	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the origin of the belief					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent origin=Theme
2	leap	present	lemmings	the belief not said here		cliffs		deliberately property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme belief=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A film of 1958 in which the film makers themselves drove the animals over a cliff

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 film	det
2	film	film	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 drove	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 1958	case
4	1958	1958	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 film	nmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 drove	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 makers	det
8	film	film	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 makers	compound
9	makers	maker	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 drove	nsubj
10	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	9 makers	nmod
11	drove	drive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 animals	det
13	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 drove	obj
14	over	over	ADP	_	16 cliff	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 cliff	det
16	cliff	cliff	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 drove	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drive	past	a film of 1958	the animals		a cliff			vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent animal=Theme in which=Destination over cliff=Initial_Location

Option 2

The annual migration of lemmings to the sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 migration	det
2	annual	annual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 migration	amod
3	migration	migration	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 lemmings	case
5	lemmings	lemming	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 migration	nmod
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 sea	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 sea	det
8	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 migration	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	migrate		lemmings					to the sea	nom migration «act intransitive»: of=agent to=obl

Option 3

An ancient Norwegian law concerning rodents

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 law	det
2	ancient	ancient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 law	amod
3	Norwegian	Norwegian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 law	amod
4	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 law	acl
6	rodents	rodent	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 concerning	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	concern	gerund	a ancient Norwegian law not said here	rodents					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus rodent=Experiencer

Option 4

Careful observations made by Arctic scientists

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Careful	careful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 observations	amod
2	observations	observation	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 observations	acl
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 scientists	case
5	Arctic	arctic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 scientists	amod
6	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	participle		Careful observations not said here				by Arctic scientists	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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