Exam question 3 · Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs

Ascertain the condition under which the trap of Dionaea muscipula, the Venus flytrap, is caused to close.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, trap · What happens: ascertain, cause, close · To what, where: condition, trap

This is exam question 3 of lesson 11 «Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 condition	det
3	condition	condition	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	under	under	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 caused	obl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 trap	det
7	trap	trap	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 caused	nsubj:pass
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 muscipula	case
9	Dionaea	Dionaea	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 muscipula	compound
10	muscipula	muscipula	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 trap	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 flytrap	punct
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 flytrap	det
13	Venus	Venus	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 flytrap	compound
14	flytrap	flytrap	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 muscipula	conj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 trap	punct
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 caused	aux:pass
17	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 condition	acl:relcl
18	to	to	PART	_	19 close	mark
19	close	close	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 caused	xcomp
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the condition		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent condition=Topic
2	cause	present · passive		the trap of Dionaea muscipula and the Venus flytrap	the condition	tree rules
3	close	to-infinitive	the trap of Dionaea muscipula and the Venus flytrap not said here			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A single contact of any kind upon its outer surface, whether by an insect or by a drop of rain

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 contact	det
2	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 contact	amod
3	contact	contact	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 kind	case
5	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	6 kind	det
6	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 contact	nmod
7	upon	upon	ADP	_	10 surface	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 surface	nmod:poss
9	outer	outer	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 surface	amod
10	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 kind	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 insect	punct
12	whether	whether	SCONJ	_	15 insect	mark
13	by	by	ADP	_	15 insect	case
14	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 insect	det
15	insect	insect	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 contact	conj
16	or	or	CCONJ	_	19 drop	cc
17	by	by	ADP	_	19 drop	case
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 drop	det
19	drop	drop	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 contact	conj
20	of	of	ADP	_	21 rain	case
21	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 drop	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	contact			any kind upon kind's outer surface					nom contact «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

Any change in the temperature of the surrounding air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	2 change	det
2	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 temperature	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 temperature	det
5	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 change	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 air	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 air	det
8	surrounding	surround	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 air	amod
9	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 temperature	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	surround	gerund							vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The stimulation of its trigger hairs twice within approximately twenty seconds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 stimulation	det
2	stimulation	stimulation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 hairs	case
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 hairs	nmod:poss
5	trigger	trigger	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hairs	compound
6	hairs	hair	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 stimulation	nmod
7	twice	twice	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	6 hairs	advmod
8	within	within	ADP	_	11 seconds	case
9	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	10 twenty	advmod
10	twenty	twenty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 seconds	nummod
11	seconds	second	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 stimulation	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stimulate			stimulation's trigger hairs				within twenty seconds	nom stimulation «act transitive»: of=patient within=obl

Option 4

The onset of darkness at the conclusion of each day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 onset	det
2	onset	onset	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 darkness	case
4	darkness	darkness	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 onset	nmod
5	at	at	ADP	_	7 conclusion	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 conclusion	det
7	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 onset	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 day	case
9	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	10 day	det
10	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 conclusion	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	conclude			each day					nom conclusion «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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