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Test 2 · Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs

A wooden tool and a lump of butter 2000 years old were dug out of an Irish bog in good shape. Why had they not rotted?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · What happens: dig out, not rot · To what, where: wooden tool, Irish bog, tool

This is test 2 of lesson 11 «Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A wooden tool and a lump of butter 2000 years old were dug out of an Irish bog in good shape.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 tool	det
2	wooden	wooden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 tool	amod
3	tool	tool	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 dug	nsubj:pass
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 lump	cc
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 lump	det
6	lump	lump	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 tool	conj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 butter	case
8	butter	butter	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lump	nmod
9	2000	2000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	10 years	nummod
10	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 old	obl:unmarked
11	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 tool	amod
12	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 dug	aux:pass
13	dug	dig	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
14	out	out	ADP	_	18 bog	case
15	of	of	ADP	_	18 bog	case
16	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 bog	det
17	Irish	Irish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 bog	amod
18	bog	bog	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 dug	obl
19	in	in	ADP	_	21 shape	case
20	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 shape	amod
21	shape	shape	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 bog	nmod
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 dug	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dig out	past · passive		a wooden tool and a lump of butter		a Irish bog in good shape			vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary bog=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why had they not rotted?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 rotted	advmod
2	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 rotted	aux
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 rotted	nsubj:pass
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 rotted	advmod
5	rotted	rot	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 rotted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not rot	past · perfect · passive		tool					tree rules

The options

Option 1

Someone had wrapped them in plastic

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	3 wrapped	nsubj:pass
2	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 wrapped	aux
3	wrapped	wrap	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 wrapped	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 plastic	case
6	plastic	plastic	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wrapped	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wrap	past · perfect · passive		Someone		plastic			tree rules

Option 2

The butter was made of something that never rots

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 butter	det
2	butter	butter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 made	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 made	aux:pass
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 something	case
6	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	4 made	obl:agent
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 rots	nsubj
8	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	9 rots	advmod
9	rots	rot	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 something	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past · passive	something	the butter					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material subject=Product
2	not rot	present							vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3

Peat is a kind of freezer kept below zero all year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Peat	peat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 kind	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 kind	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 kind	det
4	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 freezer	case
6	freezer	freezer	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 kind	nmod
7	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 kind	acl
8	below	below	ADV	_	9 zero	advmod
9	zero	zero	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 kept	obl
10	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	11 year	det
11	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 kept	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Peat	a kind				of freezer	tree rules
2	keep	participle	a kind not said here	zero			year		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Bogs are cold, wet, acid and airless, so rotting is very slow

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bogs	bog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 cold	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 cold	cop
3	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 wet	punct
5	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 cold	conj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 acid	punct
7	acid	acid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 cold	conj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 airless	cc
9	airless	airless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 acid	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 slow	punct
11	so	so	ADV	_	15 slow	advmod
12	rotting	rot	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	15 slow	amod
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 slow	cop
14	very	very	ADV	_	15 slow	advmod
15	slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 cold	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Bogs					cold property	tree rules
2	be		Bogs not said here						tree rules
3	be		Bogs not said here						tree rules
4	rot	gerund							vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
5	is	present	Bogs not said here					slow property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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