Test 9 · Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs
Ben says a dragonfly is born with wings and flies right away. Is that right?
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: Ben, that · What happens: say, bear, be · To what, where: dragonfly · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 9 of lesson 11 «Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Ben says a dragonfly is born with wings and flies right away.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ben | Ben | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 says | nsubj |
| 2 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 dragonfly | det |
| 4 | dragonfly | dragonfly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 born | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 born | aux:pass |
| 6 | born | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 says | ccomp |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 wings | case |
| 8 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 born | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 flies | cc |
| 10 | flies | fly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 wings | conj |
| 11 | right | right | ADV | _ | 12 away | advmod |
| 12 | away | away | ADV | _ | 6 born | advmod |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 says | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | Ben | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | bear | present · passive | a dragonfly | with wings and flies; away property | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Is that right?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 right | cop |
| 2 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 right | nsubj |
| 3 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 right | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | that | right property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1
Yes, dragonflies never touch water
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 5 touch | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | dragonflies | dragonfly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 touch | nsubj |
| 4 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 5 touch | advmod |
| 5 | touch | touch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 touch | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not touch | present | dragonflies | water | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme water=Co-Theme |
Option 2
Yes, but only for one day
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 7 day | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 7 day | cc |
| 4 | only | only | ADV | _ | 7 day | advmod |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 day | case |
| 6 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 day | nummod |
| 7 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3
No, it starts as a caterpillar on a leaf and makes a cocoon in the reeds
The tree, 16 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 4 starts | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 starts | punct |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 starts | nsubj |
| 4 | starts | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | as | as | ADP | _ | 7 caterpillar | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 caterpillar | det |
| 7 | caterpillar | caterpillar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 starts | obl |
| 8 | on | on | ADP | _ | 10 leaf | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 leaf | det |
| 10 | leaf | leaf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 starts | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 makes | cc |
| 12 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 starts | conj |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 cocoon | det |
| 14 | cocoon | cocoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 makes | obj |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 reeds | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 reeds | det |
| 17 | reeds | reed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 makes | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | start | present | it | a leaf | as a caterpillar | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||
| 2 | make | present | a cocoon | the reeds | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cocoon=Product |
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
No, it lives underwater as a nymph, often for years, first
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 4 lives | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 lives | nsubj |
| 4 | lives | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | underwater | underwater | ADV | _ | 4 lives | advmod |
| 6 | as | as | ADP | _ | 8 nymph | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 nymph | det |
| 8 | nymph | nymph | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 lives | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 years | punct |
| 10 | often | often | ADV | _ | 12 years | advmod |
| 11 | for | for | ADP | _ | 12 years | case |
| 12 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 lives | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 first | punct |
| 14 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 4 lives | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | it | year | as a nymph; first, underwater property | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/t9/