Exam question 2 · Training and enrichment: keeping zoo animals busy and heal…

Identify the principal function of the audible signal produced by a clicker during training.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, produce · To what, where: principal function, audible signal

This is exam question 2 of lesson 112 «Training and enrichment: keeping zoo animals busy and healthy» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 function	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 function	amod
4	function	function	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 signal	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 signal	det
7	audible	audible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 signal	amod
8	signal	signal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 function	nmod
9	produced	produce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 signal	acl
10	by	by	ADP	_	12 clicker	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 clicker	det
12	clicker	clicker	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 produced	obl
13	during	during	ADP	_	14 training	case
14	training	training	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 produced	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal function of the audible signal					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent function=Theme
2	produce	participle		the audible signal not said here			during training	by a clicker	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It administers a mild discomfort to the ear in order to deter the animal from error

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 administers	nsubj
2	administers	administer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 discomfort	det
4	mild	mild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 discomfort	amod
5	discomfort	discomfort	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 administers	obj
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 ear	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 ear	det
8	ear	ear	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 administers	obl
9	in	in	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	12 deter	mark
10	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 in	fixed
11	to	to	PART	_	12 deter	mark
12	deter	deter	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 administers	advcl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 animal	det
14	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 deter	obj
15	from	from	ADP	_	16 error	case
16	error	error	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 deter	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	administer	present	It	a mild discomfort	the ear				vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent discomfort=Theme to ear=Recipient
2	deter	to-infinitive			the animal	error			vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP PP.eventuality»: agent=Causer animal=Beneficiary from error=Eventuality

Option 2

It summons the visiting public to the enclosure

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 summons	nsubj
2	summons	summon	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 public	det
4	visiting	visit	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 public	amod
5	public	public	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 summons	obj
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 enclosure	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 enclosure	det
8	enclosure	enclosure	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 summons	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	summon	present	It	the visiting public				to the enclosure	vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent public=Recipient
2	visit	gerund							vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It replaces the provision of food entirely

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 replaces	nsubj
2	replaces	replace	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 provision	det
4	provision	provision	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 replaces	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 food	case
6	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 provision	nmod
7	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	2 replaces	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	replace	present	It	the provision of food				entirely property	vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme provision=Co-Theme
2	provide		food						nom provision «communication intransitive»: of=agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It marks precisely the moment of the correct behaviour, prior to reward

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 marks	nsubj
2	marks	mark	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	precisely	precisely	ADV	_	5 moment	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 moment	det
5	moment	moment	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 marks	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 behaviour	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 behaviour	det
8	correct	correct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 behaviour	amod
9	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 moment	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 prior	punct
11	prior	prior	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	5 moment	conj
12	to	to	PART	_	13 reward	mark
13	reward	reward	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 prior	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mark	present	It				moment		vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	reward	to-infinitive							vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/112-training-and-enrichment/e2/