Test 6 · ★ · Training and enrichment: keeping zoo animals busy and heal…
Even fish and crocodiles have been trained to come to a target. What does this show?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: fish, this · What happens: train, come, show · To what, where: fish, target
This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 112 «Training and enrichment: keeping zoo animals busy and healthy» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Even fish and crocodiles have been trained to come to a target.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Even | even | ADV | _ | 2 fish | advmod |
| 2 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 trained | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 crocodiles | cc |
| 4 | crocodiles | crocodile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 fish | conj |
| 5 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 trained | aux |
| 6 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 trained | aux:pass |
| 7 | trained | train | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 come | mark |
| 9 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 trained | xcomp |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 target | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 target | det |
| 12 | target | target | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 come | obl |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 trained | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | train | present · perfect · passive | fish and crocodiles | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 2 | come | to-infinitive | fish and crocodiles not said here | a target | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to target=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What does this show?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 show | obj |
| 2 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 show | aux |
| 3 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 show | nsubj |
| 4 | show | show | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 show | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present · do-support | this | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Crocodiles love being stroked
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Crocodiles | crocodile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 love | nsubj |
| 2 | love | love | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 stroked | aux:pass |
| 4 | stroked | stroke | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 love | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | love | present | Crocodiles | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | stroke not said to happen | gerund · passive | Crocodiles not said here | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP» |
Option 2
Only cold-blooded animals can learn from rewards, while mammals never can
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Only | only | ADV | _ | 5 animals | advmod |
| 2 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 blooded | amod |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 cold | punct |
| 4 | blooded | blooded | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 animals | amod |
| 5 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 learn | nsubj |
| 6 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 learn | aux |
| 7 | learn | learn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 8 | from | from | ADP | _ | 9 rewards | case |
| 9 | rewards | reward | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 learn | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 mammals | punct |
| 11 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 12 mammals | case |
| 12 | mammals | mammal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 learn | obl |
| 13 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 14 can | advmod |
| 14 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 mammals | acl:relcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | learn | can | blooded animals | rewards | while mammals | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from reward=Source |
Option 3
Fish are smarter than elephants
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 smarter | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 smarter | cop |
| 3 | smarter | smart | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 4 | than | than | ADP | _ | 5 elephants | case |
| 5 | elephants | elephant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 smarter | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Fish | than elephants; smart property | tree rules |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
Many kinds of animals can learn from rewards, not only clever mammals
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 kinds | amod |
| 2 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 learn | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 animals | case |
| 4 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 kinds | nmod |
| 5 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 learn | aux |
| 6 | learn | learn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 rewards | case |
| 8 | rewards | reward | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 learn | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 mammals | punct |
| 10 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 13 mammals | advmod |
| 11 | only | only | ADV | _ | 13 mammals | advmod |
| 12 | clever | clever | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 mammals | amod |
| 13 | mammals | mammal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 learn | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | learn | can | Many kinds of animals | clever mammals | rewards | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from reward=Source |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/112-training-and-enrichment/t6/