Exam question 4 · Why zoos exist and what critics say

Determine the reason for which certain institutions have ceased to maintain orcas and elephants.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, certain institutions · What happens: determine, cease, maintain · To what, where: reason, orcas

This is exam question 4 of lesson 115 «Why zoos exist and what critics say» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Determine	determine	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Determine	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 ceased	obl
6	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 institutions	amod
7	institutions	institution	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 ceased	nsubj
8	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 ceased	aux
9	ceased	cease	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	3 reason	acl:relcl
10	to	to	PART	_	11 maintain	mark
11	maintain	maintain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 ceased	xcomp
12	orcas	orca	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 maintain	obj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 elephants	cc
14	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 orcas	conj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Determine	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	determine	imperative	you not said here	the reason		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic
2	cease	present · perfect	certain institutions		for the reason	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
3	maintain	to-infinitive	certain institutions not said here	orcas and elephants		vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent orca=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Such species are legally classified as domestic animals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 species	amod
2	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 classified	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 classified	aux:pass
4	legally	legally	ADV	_	5 classified	advmod
5	classified	classify	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	as	as	ADP	_	8 animals	case
7	domestic	domestic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 animals	amod
8	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 classified	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	classify	present · passive		Such species				as domestic animals; legally property	vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Theme as animal=Attribute

Option 2

Such species are now extinct in the wild

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 species	amod
2	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 extinct	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 extinct	cop
4	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	5 extinct	advmod
5	extinct	extinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 wild	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 wild	det
8	wild	wild	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 extinct	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Such species			the wild	now	extinct property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Such species require extensive space and have frequently suffered in confinement

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 species	amod
2	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 require	nsubj
3	require	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	extensive	extensive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 space	amod
5	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 require	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 suffered	cc
7	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 suffered	aux
8	frequently	frequently	ADV	_	9 suffered	advmod
9	suffered	suffer	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	3 require	conj
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 confinement	case
11	confinement	confinement	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 suffered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present	Such species	extensive space					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme space=Precondition
2	suffer	present · perfect	Such species not said here			confinement		frequently property	vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

Such species are no longer of any interest whatsoever to the visiting public or to the press

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 species	amod
2	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 interest	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 interest	cop
4	no	no	ADV	_	5 longer	advmod
5	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	8 interest	advmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 interest	case
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 interest	det
8	interest	interest	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	13 public	advmod
10	to	to	ADP	_	13 public	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 public	det
12	visiting	visit	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	13 public	amod
13	public	public	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 interest	advcl
14	or	or	CCONJ	_	17 press	cc
15	to	to	ADP	_	17 press	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 press	det
17	press	press	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 public	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Such species					of any interest; long property	tree rules
2	visit	gerund							vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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