Exam question 1 · How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing

Identify the principal function of the tapetum lucidum in the feline eye.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify · To what, where: principal function

This is exam question 1 of lesson 119 «How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 function	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 function	amod
4	function	function	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 lucidum	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 lucidum	det
7	tapetum	tapetum	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 lucidum	compound
8	lucidum	lucidum	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 function	nmod
9	in	in	ADP	_	12 eye	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 eye	det
11	feline	feline	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 eye	compound
12	eye	eye	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 lucidum	nmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal function of the tapetum lucidum in the feline eye					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent function=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It reflects light back through the retina, improving vision in dim light

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 reflects	nsubj
2	reflects	reflect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reflects	obj
4	back	back	ADV	_	2 reflects	advmod
5	through	through	ADP	_	7 retina	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 retina	det
7	retina	retina	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reflects	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 improving	punct
9	improving	improve	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 reflects	conj
10	vision	vision	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 improving	obj
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 light	case
12	dim	dim	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 light	amod
13	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 improving	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reflect back	present	It	light		the retina			tree rules
2	improve	gerund		vision		dim light			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent vision=Patient

Option 2

It determines the colour of the iris

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 determines	nsubj
2	determines	determine	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 colour	det
4	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 determines	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 iris	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 iris	det
7	iris	iris	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 colour	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	determine	present	It	the colour of the iris					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Topic

Option 3

It produces light of its own in conditions of total darkness

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 produces	nsubj
2	produces	produce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 produces	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 own	case
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 own	nmod:poss
6	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 light	nmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 conditions	case
8	conditions	condition	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 produces	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 darkness	case
10	total	total	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 darkness	amod
11	darkness	darkness	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 conditions	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	produce	present	It	light of light's own		conditions of total darkness			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Result
2	condition			total darkness					nom condition «state transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

It protects the surface of the eye from dust, grit and other foreign bodies

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 protects	nsubj
2	protects	protect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 surface	det
4	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 protects	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 eye	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 eye	det
7	eye	eye	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 surface	nmod
8	from	from	ADP	_	9 dust	case
9	dust	dust	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 protects	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 grit	punct
11	grit	grit	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 dust	conj
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 bodies	cc
13	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 bodies	amod
14	foreign	foreign	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 bodies	amod
15	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 dust	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	protect	present	It	the surface of the eye				from dust and grit and other foreign bodies	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent surface=Beneficiary from dust=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/119-how-real-cats-hunt/e1/