Exam question 3 · Forests: woodland through the year and the great northern…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the boreal forest, hereinafter the taiga?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: boreal forest

This is exam question 3 of lesson 12 «Forests: woodland through the year and the great northern forest» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 forest	det
10	boreal	boreal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 forest	amod
11	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 hereinafter	punct
13	hereinafter	hereinafter	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 forest	conj
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 taiga	det
15	taiga	taiga	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the boreal forest and hereinafter				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is composed principally of oak and beech

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 composed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 composed	aux:pass
3	composed	compose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	principally	principally	ADV	_	3 composed	advmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 oak	case
6	oak	oak	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 composed	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 beech	cc
8	beech	beech	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 oak	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	compose	present · passive		It				of oak and beech; principally property	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It is the most extensive terrestrial habitat, dominated by coniferous trees

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 habitat	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 habitat	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 habitat	det
4	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	5 extensive	advmod
5	extensive	extensive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 habitat	amod
6	terrestrial	terrestrial	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 habitat	compound
7	habitat	habitat	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 dominated	punct
9	dominated	dominate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 habitat	acl
10	by	by	ADP	_	12 trees	case
11	coniferous	coniferous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 trees	amod
12	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 dominated	obl:agent

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the extensive terrestrial habitat					tree rules
2	dominate	participle		the extensive terrestrial habitat not said here					vn contiguous_location-47.8-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

It is a tropical forest situated at the equator

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 forest	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 forest	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 forest	det
4	tropical	tropical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 forest	amod
5	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	situated	situate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 forest	acl
7	at	at	ADP	_	9 equator	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 equator	det
9	equator	equator	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 situated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a tropical forest					tree rules
2	situate	participle		a tropical forest not said here		the equator			vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent at equator=Destination

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

It is the smallest of the forests of the northern hemisphere, confined to a single country

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 smallest	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 smallest	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 smallest	det
4	smallest	small	ADJ	Degree=Sup	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 forests	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 forests	det
7	forests	forest	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 smallest	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	11 hemisphere	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 hemisphere	det
10	northern	northern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 hemisphere	amod
11	hemisphere	hemisphere	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 forests	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 confined	punct
13	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 forests	acl
14	to	to	ADP	_	17 country	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 country	det
16	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 country	amod
17	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 confined	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					of the forests of the northern hemisphere; small property	tree rules
2	confine	participle		the forests of the northern hemisphere not said here		a single country			vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to country=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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