Exam question 4 · Forests: woodland through the year and the great northern…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the hibernation of the hedgehog.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts, hedgehog · What happens: select, establish, concern, hibernate · To what, where: response, hibernation

This is exam question 4 of lesson 12 «Forests: woodland through the year and the great northern forest» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 hibernation	det
11	hibernation	hibernation	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 hedgehog	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 hedgehog	det
14	hedgehog	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 hibernation	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the hibernation of the hedgehog		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus hibernation=Experiencer
4	hibernate		the hedgehog			nom hibernation «state intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The hedgehog remains active throughout the winter but abstains from food of every kind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 hedgehog	det
2	hedgehog	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 remains	nsubj
3	remains	remain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	active	active	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 remains	xcomp
5	throughout	throughout	ADP	_	7 winter	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 winter	det
7	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 remains	obl
8	but	but	CCONJ	_	9 abstains	cc
9	abstains	abstain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 remains	conj
10	from	from	ADP	_	11 food	case
11	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 abstains	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 kind	case
13	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	14 kind	det
14	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 food	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remain	present	the hedgehog				winter	active property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	abstain	present	the hedgehog not said here			food of every kind			vn refrain-69 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent from food=Eventuality

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The rate of the heartbeat diminishes from about 190 to about 20 per minute

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rate	det
2	rate	rate	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 diminishes	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 heartbeat	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 heartbeat	det
5	heartbeat	heartbeat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rate	nmod
6	diminishes	diminish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	from	from	ADP	_	9 190	case
8	about	about	ADV	_	9 190	advmod
9	190	190	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 diminishes	obl
10	to	to	ADP	_	12 20	case
11	about	about	ADV	_	12 20	advmod
12	20	20	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	9 190	nmod
13	per	per	ADP	_	14 minute	case
14	minute	minute	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 20	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	diminish	present	the rate of the heartbeat			190 to 20 per minute			vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

Option 3

The heart ceases to beat entirely until the spring

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 heart	det
2	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ceases	nsubj
3	ceases	cease	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 beat	mark
5	beat	beat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 ceases	xcomp
6	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	5 beat	advmod
7	until	until	ADP	_	9 spring	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 spring	det
9	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 beat	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cease	present	the heart						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	beat	to-infinitive	the heart not said here				spring	entirely property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

The heartbeat is accelerated to generate warmth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 heartbeat	det
2	heartbeat	heartbeat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 accelerated	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 accelerated	aux:pass
4	accelerated	accelerate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 generate	mark
6	generate	generate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 accelerated	xcomp
7	warmth	warmth	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 generate	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accelerate	present · passive		the heartbeat					tree rules
2	generate	to-infinitive		warmth					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warmth=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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