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Test 1 · ★★ · Mountains: life as you climb higher

In a cartoon, a llama spits at every tourist who walks past. What is closer to the truth?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: llama, tourist · What happens: spit, walk, be · To what, where: cartoon

This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 13 «Mountains: life as you climb higher» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon, a llama spits at every tourist who walks past.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 spits	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cartoon	punct
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 llama	det
6	llama	llama	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 spits	nsubj
7	spits	spit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	at	at	ADP	_	10 tourist	case
9	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	10 tourist	det
10	tourist	tourist	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 spits	obl
11	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 walks	nsubj
12	walks	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 tourist	acl:relcl
13	past	past	ADV	_	12 walks	advmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 spits	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spit	present	a llama			a cartoon		at every tourist	vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	walk	present	every tourist					past property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is closer to the truth?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 closer	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 closer	cop
3	closer	close	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 truth	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 truth	det
6	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 closer	obl
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 closer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						to the truth; close property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Llamas mostly spit at other llamas over food or space

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Llamas	llama	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 spit	nsubj
2	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	3 spit	advmod
3	spit	spit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	6 llamas	case
5	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 llamas	amod
6	llamas	llama	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 spit	obl
7	over	over	ADP	_	8 food	case
8	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 spit	obl
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 space	cc
10	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 food	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spit	present	Llamas			food or space		at other llamas; mostly property	vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Llamas spit at all people on sight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Llamas	llama	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 spit	nsubj
2	spit	spit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	at	at	ADP	_	5 people	case
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 people	det
5	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 spit	obl
6	on	on	ADP	_	7 sight	case
7	sight	sight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 spit	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spit	present	Llamas			sight		at all people	vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Agent on sight=Destination

Option 3

Llamas spit only at their keepers, who feed them every day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Llamas	llama	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 spit	nsubj
2	spit	spit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	6 keepers	advmod
4	at	at	ADP	_	6 keepers	case
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 keepers	nmod:poss
6	keepers	keeper	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 spit	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 feed	punct
8	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 feed	nsubj
9	feed	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 keepers	acl:relcl
10	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 feed	obj
11	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	12 day	det
12	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 feed	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spit	present	Llamas	Llamas's keepers					vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent keeper=Theme
2	feed	present	Llamas's keepers	keepers = keeper			day		vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient

Option 4

Llamas never spit at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Llamas	llama	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 spit	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 spit	advmod
3	spit	spit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 all	case
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 spit	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not spit	present	Llamas			all			vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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