Exam question 1 · The Lion King's hyenas, Rafiki and Zazu: real hyenas, mand…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the feeding of the spotted hyena.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts, spotted hyena · What happens: select, establish, concern, spot, feed · To what, where: response, feeding

This is exam question 1 of lesson 126 «The Lion King's hyenas, Rafiki and Zazu: real hyenas, mandrills and hornbills» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 feeding	det
11	feeding	feeding	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 hyena	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 hyena	det
14	spotted	spot	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 hyena	amod
15	hyena	hyena	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 feeding	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the feeding of the spotted hyena		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus feeding=Experiencer
4	spot	participle				vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
5	feed		the spotted hyena			nom feeding «act intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is incapable of the pursuit of large prey

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 incapable	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 incapable	cop
3	incapable	incapable	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 pursuit	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 pursuit	det
6	pursuit	pursuit	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 incapable	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 prey	case
8	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 prey	amod
9	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 pursuit	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	incapable				of the pursuit of large prey	tree rules
2	pursue			large prey					nom pursuit «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

It obtains its food exclusively by theft from lions, being itself incapable of hunting

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 obtains	nsubj
2	obtains	obtain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 food	nmod:poss
4	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 obtains	obj
5	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 obtains	advmod
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 theft	case
7	theft	theft	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 obtains	obl
8	from	from	ADP	_	9 lions	case
9	lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 theft	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 incapable	punct
11	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 incapable	cop
12	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	11 being	obj
13	incapable	incapable	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 obtains	parataxis
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 hunting	case
15	hunting	hunting	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 incapable	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	obtain	present	It	its food				by theft from lions; exclusively property	vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset food=Theme
2	is a	gerund		incapable				of hunting	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It is a proficient hunter which, in many regions, procures the greater part of its own food

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 hunter	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 hunter	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 hunter	det
4	proficient	proficient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 hunter	amod
5	hunter	hunter	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 hunter	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 regions	punct
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 regions	case
9	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 regions	amod
10	regions	region	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 hunter	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 procures	punct
12	procures	procure	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 hunter	conj
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 part	det
14	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	15 part	amod
15	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 procures	obj
16	of	of	ADP	_	19 food	case
17	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 food	nmod:poss
18	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 food	amod
19	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 part	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a proficient hunter and many regions					tree rules
2	procure	present		the greater part of part's own food					vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Theme

Option 4

It subsists entirely upon vegetation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 subsists	nsubj
2	subsists	subsist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	2 subsists	advmod
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 vegetation	case
5	vegetation	vegetation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 subsists	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	subsist	present	It					upon vegetation; entirely property	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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