Exam question 2 · The Lion King's hyenas, Rafiki and Zazu: real hyenas, mand…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the social organisation of the spotted hyena?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, spot · To what, where: social organisation

This is exam question 2 of lesson 126 «The Lion King's hyenas, Rafiki and Zazu: real hyenas, mandrills and hornbills» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 organisation	det
10	social	social	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 organisation	amod
11	organisation	organisation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 hyena	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 hyena	det
14	spotted	spot	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 hyena	amod
15	hyena	hyena	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 organisation	nmod
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the social organisation of the spotted hyena	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	spot	participle			vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The clan is governed by a single male, being the largest and strongest of its members

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 clan	det
2	clan	clan	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 governed	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 governed	aux:pass
4	governed	govern	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	8 male	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 male	det
7	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 male	amod
8	male	male	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 governed	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 strongest	punct
10	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	14 strongest	cop
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 strongest	det
12	largest	large	ADJ	Degree=Sup	14 strongest	amod
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 strongest	cc
14	strongest	strong	ADJ	Degree=Sup	4 governed	xcomp
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 members	case
16	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 members	nmod:poss
17	members	member	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 strongest	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	govern	present · passive	a single male	the clan					vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	is	gerund	a single male not said here					of clan's members; strong property	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The clan is governed by females, which exceed the males in size and strength

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 clan	det
2	clan	clan	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 governed	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 governed	aux:pass
4	governed	govern	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 females	case
6	females	female	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 governed	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 exceed	punct
8	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 exceed	nsubj
9	exceed	exceed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 governed	conj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 males	det
11	males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 exceed	obj
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 size	case
13	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 exceed	obl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 strength	cc
15	strength	strength	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 size	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	govern	present · passive	females	the clan					vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	exceed	present		the males				in size and strength	vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot male=Theme in size=Attribute

Option 3

The clan is governed by the youngest cubs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 clan	det
2	clan	clan	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 governed	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 governed	aux:pass
4	governed	govern	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	8 cubs	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 cubs	det
7	youngest	young	ADJ	Degree=Sup	8 cubs	amod
8	cubs	cub	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 governed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	govern	present · passive	the youngest cubs	the clan					vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Option 4

The clan possesses no hierarchy of any kind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 clan	det
2	clan	clan	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	nsubj
3	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 hierarchy	det
5	hierarchy	hierarchy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 kind	case
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 kind	det
8	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hierarchy	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	the clan	no hierarchy of any kind					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot hierarchy=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/126-the-lion-king-hyenas-rafiki-and-zazu/e2/