Exam question 1 · Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the leadership of groups of ring-tailed lemurs.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, tail · To what, where: response, leadership

This is exam question 1 of lesson 127 «Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 leadership	det
11	leadership	leadership	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 groups	case
13	groups	group	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 leadership	nmod
14	of	of	ADP	_	18 lemurs	case
15	ring	ring	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 tailed	compound
16	-	-	PUNCT	_	15 ring	punct
17	tailed	tail	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 lemurs	amod
18	lemurs	lemur	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 groups	nmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the leadership of groups of tailed lemurs		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus leadership=Experiencer
4	tail	participle				vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Such groups are governed by a single male designated king

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 groups	amod
2	groups	group	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 governed	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 governed	aux:pass
4	governed	govern	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	8 male	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 male	det
7	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 male	amod
8	male	male	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 governed	obl
9	designated	designate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 king	amod
10	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 male	appos

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	govern	present · passive	a single male	Such groups					vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	designate	participle							vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Such groups are led by the youngest individual

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 groups	amod
2	groups	group	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 led	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 led	aux:pass
4	led	lead	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	8 individual	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 individual	det
7	youngest	young	ADJ	Degree=Sup	8 individual	amod
8	individual	individual	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 led	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lead	present · passive	the youngest individual	Such groups					vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Option 3

Such groups possess no form of leadership whatsoever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 groups	amod
2	groups	group	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possess	nsubj
3	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 form	det
5	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possess	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 leadership	case
7	leadership	leadership	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 form	nmod
8	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	3 possess	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	Such groups	no form of leadership				whatsoever property	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot form=Theme
2	form			leadership					nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Such groups are led by females, which have priority of access to food

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 groups	amod
2	groups	group	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 led	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 led	aux:pass
4	led	lead	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 females	case
6	females	female	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 led	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 have	punct
8	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 have	nsubj
9	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 females	acl:relcl
10	priority	priority	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 have	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 access	case
12	access	access	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 priority	nmod
13	to	to	ADP	_	14 food	case
14	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 access	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lead	present · passive	females	Such groups					vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	have	present	females	priority of access to food					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent priority=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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