Exam question 2 · Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa

Identify the principal reason for which the greater part of the fauna of Madagascar occurs nowhere else upon Earth.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, greater part · What happens: identify, occur · To what, where: principal reason, Earth

This is exam question 2 of lesson 127 «Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 occurs	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 part	det
8	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 part	amod
9	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 occurs	nsubj
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 fauna	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 fauna	det
12	fauna	fauna	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 part	nmod
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 Madagascar	case
14	Madagascar	Madagascar	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 fauna	nmod
15	occurs	occur	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	parataxis
16	nowhere	nowhere	ADV	PronType=Neg	15 occurs	advmod
17	else	else	ADV	_	16 nowhere	advmod
18	upon	upon	ADP	_	19 Earth	case
19	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 occurs	obl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	occur	present	the greater part of the fauna of Madagascar			Earth		for the principal reason; nowhere property	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon earth=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The fauna was introduced from Africa by human settlers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 fauna	det
2	fauna	fauna	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 introduced	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 introduced	aux:pass
4	introduced	introduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 Africa	case
6	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 introduced	obl
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 settlers	case
8	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 settlers	amod
9	settlers	settler	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 introduced	obl:agent

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	introduce	past · passive	human settlers	the fauna		Africa			vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Option 2

The fauna has deliberately avoided all other territories

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 fauna	det
2	fauna	fauna	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 avoided	nsubj:pass
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 avoided	aux
4	deliberately	deliberately	ADV	_	5 avoided	advmod
5	avoided	avoid	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 territories	det
7	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 territories	amod
8	territories	territory	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 avoided	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	avoid	present · perfect · passive		the fauna				deliberately property	tree rules

Option 3

The fauna was bred in captivity in zoos and subsequently released upon the island

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 fauna	det
2	fauna	fauna	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 bred	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 bred	aux:pass
4	bred	breed	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 captivity	case
6	captivity	captivity	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 bred	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 zoos	case
8	zoos	zoo	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 bred	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 released	cc
10	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	_	11 released	advmod
11	released	release	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 bred	conj
12	upon	upon	ADP	_	14 island	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 island	det
14	island	island	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 released	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breed	past · passive		the fauna		captivity		in zoos	tree rules
2	release	participle						upon the island; subsequently property	vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The island separated from other land millions of years ago, and its fauna developed in isolation

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 island	det
2	island	island	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	separated	separate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 island	acl
4	from	from	ADP	_	7 millions	case
5	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 millions	amod
6	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 millions	compound
7	millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 separated	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 years	case
9	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 millions	nmod
10	ago	ago	ADV	_	9 years	advmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 developed	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 developed	cc
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 fauna	nmod:poss
14	fauna	fauna	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 developed	nsubj
15	developed	develop	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 island	acl
16	in	in	ADP	_	17 isolation	case
17	isolation	isolation	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 developed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	separate	participle		the island not said here				from other land millions of years	vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient from million=Co-Patient
2	develop	participle	island's fauna	the island not said here		isolation			vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent island=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/127-madagascar-real-lemurs/e2/