Exam question 2 · Finding Nemo: real blue tangs, sea turtles and reef creatu…

Identify the principal reason for which artificial illumination is reduced upon certain beaches during the hatching season of sea turtles.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, reduce · To what, where: principal reason, artificial illumination

This is exam question 2 of lesson 133 «Finding Nemo: real blue tangs, sea turtles and reef creatures» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 reduced	obl
7	artificial	artificial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 illumination	amod
8	illumination	illumination	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 reduced	nsubj:pass
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 reduced	aux:pass
10	reduced	reduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
11	upon	upon	ADP	_	13 beaches	case
12	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 beaches	amod
13	beaches	beach	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 reduced	obl
14	during	during	ADP	_	17 season	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 season	det
16	hatching	hatching	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 season	compound
17	season	season	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 reduced	obl
18	of	of	ADP	_	20 turtles	case
19	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 turtles	compound
20	turtles	turtle	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 season	nmod
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	reduce	present · passive		artificial illumination			season	for the principal reason; upon certain beaches	vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Hatchlings orient towards the brightest horizon and may be drawn away from the sea by such lights

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hatchlings	hatchling	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 orient	nsubj
2	orient	orient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
3	towards	towards	ADP	_	6 horizon	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 horizon	det
5	brightest	bright	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 horizon	amod
6	horizon	horizon	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 orient	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 drawn	cc
8	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 drawn	aux
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 drawn	aux:pass
10	drawn	draw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 orient	conj
11	away	away	ADV	_	10 drawn	advmod
12	from	from	ADP	_	14 sea	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 sea	det
14	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 drawn	obl
15	by	by	ADP	_	17 lights	case
16	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 lights	amod
17	lights	light	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 drawn	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	draw away	may · passive	such lights					from the sea; away property	vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from sea=Co-Patient

Option 2

Illumination causes adult turtles to abandon their nests

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Illumination	illumination	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 causes	nsubj
2	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	adult	adult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 turtles	amod
4	turtles	turtle	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 causes	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 abandon	mark
6	abandon	abandon	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 causes	advcl
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 nests	nmod:poss
8	nests	nest	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 abandon	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	present	Illumination	adult turtles					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition turtle=Patient
2	abandon	to-infinitive	Illumination not said here	turtles's nests					vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial_location»: agent=Theme nest=Source

Option 3

Illumination attracts jellyfish which prey upon hatchlings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Illumination	illumination	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 attracts	nsubj
2	attracts	attract	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	jellyfish	jellyfish	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 attracts	obj
4	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	5 prey	det
5	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 jellyfish	appos
6	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 hatchlings	case
7	hatchlings	hatchling	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 attracts	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	attract	present	Illumination	jellyfish				upon hatchlings	vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jellyfish=Patient

Option 4

Illumination elevates the temperature of the sand to a degree that is harmful to the eggs beneath it

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Illumination	illumination	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 elevates	nsubj
2	elevates	elevate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 temperature	det
4	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 elevates	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 sand	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sand	det
7	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 temperature	nmod
8	to	to	ADP	_	10 degree	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 degree	det
10	degree	degree	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 elevates	obl
11	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 harmful	nsubj
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 harmful	cop
13	harmful	harmful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 degree	acl:relcl
14	to	to	ADP	_	16 eggs	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 eggs	det
16	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 harmful	obl
17	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	18 it	case
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 elevates	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	elevate	present	Illumination	the temperature of the sand		a degree		beneath degree	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent temperature=Theme to degree=Destination beneath it=Initial_Location
2	is	present	a degree					to the eggs; harmful property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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