Exam question 4 · The city as a habitat

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the behaviour of carrion crows in Sendai, Japan.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, behaviour

This is exam question 4 of lesson 14 «The city as a habitat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 behaviour	det
11	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 crows	case
13	carrion	carrion	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 crows	compound
14	crows	crow	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 behaviour	nmod
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 Sendai	case
16	Sendai	Sendai	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 crows	nmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 Japan	punct
18	Japan	Japan	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 Sendai	appos
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the behaviour of carrion crows in Sendai		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus behaviour=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Nuts are placed upon the road so that passing vehicles crack them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nuts	nut	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 placed	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 placed	aux:pass
3	placed	place	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 road	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 road	det
6	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 placed	obl
7	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	11 crack	mark
8	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 so	fixed
9	passing	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 vehicles	amod
10	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 crack	nsubj
11	crack	crack	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 placed	advcl
12	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 crack	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	place	present · passive		Nuts	the road	vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: subject=Theme upon road=Destination
2	pass	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	crack	present	passing vehicles	Nuts = nut		vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location they=Theme

Option 2

Discarded keys are collected from parked vehicles

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Discarded	discard	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 keys	amod
2	keys	key	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 collected	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 collected	aux:pass
4	collected	collect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 vehicles	case
6	parked	park	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 vehicles	amod
7	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 collected	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	roles by
1	discard	participle			vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	collect	present · passive	Discarded keys	parked vehicles	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from vehicle=Source
3	park	participle			vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Vehicles are pursued in order to remove them from the territory

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Vehicles	vehicle	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 pursued	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 pursued	aux:pass
3	pursued	pursue	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 order	case
5	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pursued	obl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 remove	mark
7	remove	remove	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 pursued	advcl
8	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 remove	obj
9	from	from	ADP	_	11 territory	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 territory	det
11	territory	territory	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 remove	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pursue	present · passive		Vehicles		order			vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in order=Trajectory
2	remove	to-infinitive		Vehicles = vehicle		the territory			vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent they=Theme from territory=Source

Option 4

Nests are constructed upon the roofs of moving vehicles

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nests	nest	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 constructed	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 constructed	aux:pass
3	constructed	construct	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 roofs	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 roofs	det
6	roofs	roof	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 constructed	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 vehicles	case
8	moving	move	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 vehicles	amod
9	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 roofs	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	construct	present · passive		Nests				upon the roofs of moving vehicles	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result
2	move	gerund							vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/14-the-city-as-a-habitat/e4/