Exam question 2 · Zootopia: real sloths, shrews, predators and prey

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the dietary requirements of the shrew.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, require · To what, where: response, dietary requirements, shrew

This is exam question 2 of lesson 142 «Zootopia: real sloths, shrews, predators and prey» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 requirements	det
11	dietary	dietary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 requirements	amod
12	requirements	requirement	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 concerning	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 shrew	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 shrew	det
15	shrew	shrew	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 requirements	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the dietary requirements of the shrew		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus requirement=Experiencer
4	require			the shrew		nom requirement «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Owing to rapid loss of heat, certain shrews consume their own body weight in food daily

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Owing	owe	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	to	to	ADP	_	4 loss	case
3	rapid	rapid	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 loss	compound
4	loss	loss	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Owing	obl
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 heat	case
6	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 loss	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 consume	punct
8	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 shrews	amod
9	shrews	shrew	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 consume	nsubj
10	consume	consume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Owing	conj
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 weight	nmod:poss
12	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 weight	amod
13	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 weight	compound
14	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 consume	obj
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 food	case
16	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 consume	obl
17	daily	daily	ADV	_	10 consume	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	owe	gerund						to rapid loss of heat goal	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to loss=Goal
2	consume	present	certain shrews	shrews's own body weight		food		daily property	vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weight=Asset

Option 2

The shrew requires nourishment no more than once a week, having stored fat beneath its skin for the purpose

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 shrew	det
2	shrew	shrew	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 requires	nsubj
3	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	nourishment	nourishment	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 requires	obj
5	no	no	ADV	_	6 more	advmod
6	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 requires	obj
7	than	than	ADP	_	10 week	case
8	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	10 week	advmod
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 week	det
10	week	week	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 more	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 having	punct
12	having	have	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 requires	advcl
13	stored	store	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 fat	amod
14	fat	fat	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 having	obj
15	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	17 skin	case
16	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 skin	nmod:poss
17	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 having	obl
18	for	for	ADP	_	20 purpose	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 purpose	det
20	purpose	purpose	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 having	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	require	present	the shrew	nourishment		tree rules
2	have	gerund	the shrew not said here	stored fat	beneath shrew's skin; for the purpose	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fat=Patient
3	store	participle				vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3

The shrew obtains its food by preying upon large mammals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 shrew	det
2	shrew	shrew	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 obtains	nsubj
3	obtains	obtain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 food	nmod:poss
5	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 obtains	obj
6	by	by	SCONJ	_	7 preying	mark
7	preying	prey	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 obtains	advcl
8	upon	upon	ADP	_	10 mammals	case
9	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 mammals	amod
10	mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 preying	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	obtain	present	the shrew	shrew's food					vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset food=Theme
2	prey	gerund	the shrew not said here					upon large mammals	tree rules

Option 4

The shrew subsists entirely upon seeds and grain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 shrew	det
2	shrew	shrew	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 subsists	nsubj
3	subsists	subsist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	3 subsists	advmod
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 seeds	case
6	seeds	seed	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 subsists	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 grain	cc
8	grain	grain	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 seeds	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	subsist	present	the shrew					upon seeds and grain; entirely property	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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