Exam question 3 · Zootopia: real sloths, shrews, predators and prey
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the position of the eyes in predator and prey?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: position
This is exam question 3 of lesson 142 «Zootopia: real sloths, shrews, predators and prey» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 characterises | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 statements | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 statements | det |
| 4 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 statements | amod |
| 5 | statements | statement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 characterises | obl |
| 6 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 7 accurately | advmod |
| 7 | accurately | accurately | ADV | _ | 8 characterises | advmod |
| 8 | characterises | characteris | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 position | det |
| 10 | position | position | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 characterises | obj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 eyes | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 eyes | det |
| 13 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 position | nmod |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 predator | case |
| 15 | predator | predator | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 eyes | nmod |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 prey | cc |
| 17 | prey | prey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 predator | conj |
| 18 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 8 characterises | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | characteris | present | the position of the eyes in predator and prey | of the following statements; accurately property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Prey commonly possess forward-facing eyes for judging distance
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Prey | prey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 possess | compound |
| 2 | commonly | commonly | ADV | _ | 3 possess | advmod |
| 3 | possess | possess | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | forward | forward | ADV | _ | 3 possess | advmod |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 facing | punct |
| 6 | facing | face | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 possess | advcl |
| 7 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 facing | obj |
| 8 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 9 judging | mark |
| 9 | judging | judge | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 facing | advcl |
| 10 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 judging | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | possess | present | commonly, forward property | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot | |||||
| 2 | face | gerund | eyes | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme eye=Destination | |||||
| 3 | judge | gerund | distance | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent distance=Value |
Option 2
Predators commonly possess lateral eyes for a wide view
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Predators | predator | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 possess | nsubj |
| 2 | commonly | commonly | ADV | _ | 3 possess | advmod |
| 3 | possess | possess | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | lateral | lateral | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 eyes | amod |
| 5 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 possess | obj |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 9 view | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 view | det |
| 8 | wide | wide | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 view | amod |
| 9 | view | view | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 possess | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | possess | present | Predators | lateral eyes | for a wide view; commonly property | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot eye=Theme |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
Predators commonly possess forward-facing eyes for judging distance; prey commonly possess lateral eyes for a wide view
The tree, 18 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Predators | predator | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 possess | nsubj |
| 2 | commonly | commonly | ADV | _ | 3 possess | advmod |
| 3 | possess | possess | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | forward | forward | ADV | _ | 3 possess | advmod |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 forward | punct |
| 6 | facing | face | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 possess | advcl |
| 7 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 facing | obj |
| 8 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 9 judging | mark |
| 9 | judging | judge | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 facing | advcl |
| 10 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 judging | obj |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 possess | punct |
| 12 | prey | prey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 possess | compound |
| 13 | commonly | commonly | ADV | _ | 14 possess | advmod |
| 14 | possess | possess | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 possess | conj |
| 15 | lateral | lateral | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 eyes | amod |
| 16 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 possess | obj |
| 17 | for | for | ADP | _ | 20 view | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 view | det |
| 19 | wide | wide | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 view | amod |
| 20 | view | view | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 possess | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | possess | present | Predators | commonly, forward property | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot | ||||
| 2 | face | gerund | Predators not said here | eyes | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme eye=Destination | ||||
| 3 | judge | gerund | Predators not said here | distance | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent distance=Value | ||||
| 4 | possess | present | Predators not said here | lateral eyes | for a wide view; commonly property | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot eye=Theme |
Option 4
The position of the eyes bears no relation to the manner of life, being decided entirely by the size of the head
The tree, 22 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 position | det |
| 2 | position | position | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 bears | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 bears | det |
| 5 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 bears | compound |
| 6 | bears | bear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 position | nmod |
| 7 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 8 relation | det |
| 8 | relation | relation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 bears | conj |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 manner | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 manner | det |
| 11 | manner | manner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 relation | nmod |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 life | case |
| 13 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 manner | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 decided | punct |
| 15 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 decided | aux:pass |
| 16 | decided | decide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 position | acl |
| 17 | entirely | entirely | ADV | _ | 16 decided | advmod |
| 18 | by | by | ADP | _ | 20 size | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 size | det |
| 20 | size | size | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 decided | obl |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 head | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 head | det |
| 23 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 size | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | decide | gerund · passive | the size of the head | the position of the eyes bears and no relation to the manner of life not said here | entirely property | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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