Exam question 1 · Babe: real pigs, sheep and sheepdogs

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the employment of pigs in the herding of sheep.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, employ · To what, where: response, employment, pigs

This is exam question 1 of lesson 144 «Babe: real pigs, sheep and sheepdogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 employment	det
11	employment	employment	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 pigs	case
13	pigs	pig	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 employment	nmod
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 herding	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 herding	det
16	herding	herding	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 pigs	nmod
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 sheep	case
18	sheep	sheep	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 herding	nmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the employment of pigs in the herding of sheep		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus employment=Experiencer
4	employ			pigs in the herding of sheep		nom employment «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Pigs are customarily employed for this purpose on most sheep farms

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pigs	pig	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 employed	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 employed	aux:pass
3	customarily	customarily	ADV	_	4 employed	advmod
4	employed	employ	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 purpose	case
6	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	7 purpose	det
7	purpose	purpose	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 employed	obl
8	on	on	ADP	_	11 farms	case
9	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	11 farms	amod
10	sheep	sheep	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 farms	compound
11	farms	farm	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 employed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	employ	present · passive		Pigs		most sheep farms		for this purpose; customarily property	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for purpose=Eventuality

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Pigs are not so employed, although they are intelligent and may be trained to various tasks by reward

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pigs	pig	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 employed	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 employed	aux:pass
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 employed	advmod
4	so	so	ADV	_	5 employed	advmod
5	employed	employ	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 intelligent	punct
7	although	although	SCONJ	_	10 intelligent	mark
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 intelligent	nsubj
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 intelligent	cop
10	intelligent	intelligent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 employed	conj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 trained	cc
12	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 trained	aux
13	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	14 trained	aux:pass
14	trained	train	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 employed	conj
15	to	to	ADP	_	17 tasks	case
16	various	various	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 tasks	amod
17	tasks	task	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 trained	obl
18	by	by	ADP	_	19 reward	case
19	reward	reward	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 trained	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not employ	present · passive		Pigs		vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	is	present	Pigs = pig		intelligent property	tree rules
3	train	may · passive	reward		to various tasks	vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Pigs surpass dogs in this employment and have largely replaced them on the farms of Britain and Australia

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pigs	pig	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 surpass	nsubj
2	surpass	surpass	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 surpass	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 employment	case
5	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	6 employment	det
6	employment	employment	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 surpass	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 replaced	cc
8	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 replaced	aux
9	largely	largely	ADV	_	10 replaced	advmod
10	replaced	replace	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 surpass	conj
11	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 replaced	obj
12	on	on	ADP	_	14 farms	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 farms	det
14	farms	farm	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 replaced	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 Britain	case
16	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 farms	nmod
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 Australia	cc
18	Australia	Australia	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 Britain	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	surpass	present	Pigs	dogs				in this employment	vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot dog=Theme in employment=Attribute
2	replace	present · perfect	Pigs not said here	dogs = dog		the farms of Britain and Australia		largely property	vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Co-Theme

Option 4

Pigs are incapable of acquiring any trained behaviour

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pigs	pig	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 incapable	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 incapable	cop
3	incapable	incapable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	SCONJ	_	5 acquiring	mark
5	acquiring	acquire	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 incapable	advcl
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 behaviour	det
7	trained	train	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 behaviour	amod
8	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 acquiring	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	Pigs		incapable property	tree rules
2	acquire	gerund	Pigs not said here	any trained behaviour		vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset behaviour=Theme
3	train	participle				vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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