Exam question 2 · Babe: real pigs, sheep and sheepdogs

Identify the principal reason for which sheep congregate closely when circled by a dog.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, sheep · What happens: identify, congregate, circle · To what, where: principal reason

This is exam question 2 of lesson 144 «Babe: real pigs, sheep and sheepdogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 congregate	obl
7	sheep	sheep	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 congregate	nsubj
8	congregate	congregate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl:relcl
9	closely	closely	ADV	_	8 congregate	advmod
10	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	11 circled	advmod
11	circled	circle	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 congregate	advcl
12	by	by	ADP	_	14 dog	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 dog	det
14	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 circled	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	congregate	present	sheep		for the principal reason; closely property	vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent
3	circle	participle	sheep not said here		by a dog	vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The animals are physically drawn together by the dog, which pulls them with its teeth

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 animals	det
2	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 drawn	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 drawn	aux:pass
4	physically	physically	ADV	_	5 drawn	advmod
5	drawn	draw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	together	together	ADV	_	5 drawn	advmod
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 dog	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 dog	det
9	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 drawn	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 pulls	punct
11	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 pulls	nsubj
12	pulls	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 dog	acl:relcl
13	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 pulls	obj
14	with	with	ADP	_	16 teeth	case
15	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 teeth	nmod:poss
16	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 pulls	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	draw together	present · passive	the dog	the animals				physically, together property	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	pull	present	the dog	animals = animal				with dog's teeth	vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

Option 2

The animals endeavour to entrap the dog

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 endeavour	det
2	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 endeavour	compound
3	endeavour	endeavour	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 entrap	mark
5	entrap	entrap	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 endeavour	acl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 dog	det
7	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 entrap	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	entrap	to-infinitive		the dog					vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

A position within the group affords greater safety from predators

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 position	det
2	position	position	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 affords	nsubj
3	within	within	ADP	_	5 group	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 group	det
5	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 position	nmod
6	affords	afford	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 safety	amod
8	safety	safety	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 affords	obj
9	from	from	ADP	_	10 predators	case
10	predators	predator	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 safety	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	afford	present	a position within the group	greater safety		predators			tree rules

Option 4

The animals seek warmth from one another

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 animals	det
2	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 seek	nsubj
3	seek	seek	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	warmth	warmth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 seek	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 one	case
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 seek	obl
7	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	6 one	fixed

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	seek	present	the animals	warmth				from one	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warmth=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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