Exam question 4 · Shrek's Donkey: real donkeys and mules

Ascertain the reason for which donkeys require shelter in climates of high rainfall.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, donkeys, high rainfall · What happens: ascertain, require, acclimate · To what, where: reason, shelter, climates

This is exam question 4 of lesson 145 «Shrek's Donkey: real donkeys and mules» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 require	obl
6	donkeys	donkey	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 require	nsubj
7	require	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 reason	acl:relcl
8	shelter	shelter	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 require	obj
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 climates	case
10	climates	climate	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 require	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 rainfall	case
12	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 rainfall	amod
13	rainfall	rainfall	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 climates	nmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the reason			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic
2	require	present	donkeys	shelter	climates of high rainfall	for the reason	vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme shelter=Precondition
3	acclimate		high rainfall				nom climate «state intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Their hooves dissolve upon prolonged wetting

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 hooves	nmod:poss
2	hooves	hoove	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 dissolve	nsubj
3	dissolve	dissolve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 wetting	case
5	prolonged	prolong	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 wetting	amod
6	wetting	wetting	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dissolve	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dissolve	present	Their hooves					upon prolonged wetting	vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	prolong	participle							vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Their eyesight is temporarily lost in conditions of heavy and prolonged rain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 eyesight	nmod:poss
2	eyesight	eyesight	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lost	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 lost	aux:pass
4	temporarily	temporarily	ADV	_	5 lost	advmod
5	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 conditions	case
7	conditions	condition	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 lost	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 heavy	case
9	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 conditions	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 prolonged	cc
11	prolonged	prolong	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 lost	conj
12	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 prolonged	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	present · passive		Their eyesight		conditions of heavy		temporarily property	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality
2	prolong	past		rain					vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent rain=Theme

Option 3

Their hearing is impaired by the sound of rain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 hearing	nmod:poss
2	hearing	hearing	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 impaired	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 impaired	aux:pass
4	impaired	impair	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 sound	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sound	det
7	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 impaired	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 rain	case
9	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sound	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	impair	present · passive	the sound of rain	Their hearing					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer
2	hear		Their = they						nom hearing «act intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Their coats, adapted to arid conditions, are not waterproof

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 coats	nmod:poss
2	coats	coat	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 waterproof	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 adapted	punct
4	adapted	adapt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 coats	acl
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 conditions	case
6	arid	arid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 conditions	amod
7	conditions	condition	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 adapted	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 coats	punct
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 waterproof	cop
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 waterproof	advmod
11	waterproof	waterproof	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	adapt	participle		Their coats not said here				to arid conditions goal	vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent to condition=Goal
2	not is	present	Their coats					waterproof property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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