Exam question 3 · Shrek's Donkey: real donkeys and mules

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the dietary requirements of the donkey?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, require · To what, where: dietary requirements, donkey

This is exam question 3 of lesson 145 «Shrek's Donkey: real donkeys and mules» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 requirements	det
10	dietary	dietary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 requirements	amod
11	requirements	requirement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 donkey	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 donkey	det
14	donkey	donkey	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 requirements	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the dietary requirements of the donkey	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	require		the donkey		nom requirement «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Its diet should consist of oats and sugar in abundance

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 diet	nmod:poss
2	diet	diet	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 consist	nsubj
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 consist	aux
4	consist	consist	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 oats	case
6	oats	oat	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consist	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 sugar	cc
8	sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 oats	conj
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 abundance	case
10	abundance	abundance	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 consist	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consist	should	Its diet			abundance		of oats and sugar	tree rules

Option 2

Its diet should consist exclusively of fresh fruit and vegetables, such as carrots and apples

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 diet	nmod:poss
2	diet	diet	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 consist	nsubj
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 consist	aux
4	consist	consist	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	4 consist	advmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 fruit	case
7	fresh	fresh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 fruit	amod
8	fruit	fruit	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 consist	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 vegetables	cc
10	vegetables	vegetable	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 fruit	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 carrots	punct
12	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	14 carrots	case
13	as	as	ADP	_	12 such	fixed
14	carrots	carrot	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 fruit	conj
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 apples	cc
16	apples	apple	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 fruit	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consist	should	Its diet					of fresh fruit and vegetables and carrots and apples; exclusively property	tree rules

Option 3

Its diet should consist principally of baked goods

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 diet	nmod:poss
2	diet	diet	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 consist	nsubj
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 consist	aux
4	consist	consist	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	principally	principally	ADV	_	4 consist	advmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 goods	case
7	baked	bake	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 goods	amod
8	goods	goods	NOUN	Number=Ptan	4 consist	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consist	should	Its diet					of baked goods; principally property	tree rules
2	bake	participle							vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Its diet should consist principally of straw and coarse grass, rich food being detrimental

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 diet	nmod:poss
2	diet	diet	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 consist	nsubj
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 consist	aux
4	consist	consist	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	principally	principally	ADV	_	4 consist	advmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 straw	case
7	straw	straw	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 principally	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 grass	cc
9	coarse	coarse	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 grass	amod
10	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 straw	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 food	punct
12	rich	rich	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 food	amod
13	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 detrimental	nsubj
14	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	15 detrimental	cop
15	detrimental	detrimental	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 consist	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consist	should	Its diet					principally property	tree rules
2	is	gerund	rich food					detrimental property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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